Obesity is a metabolic condition associated with multiple health problems such as endocrine and metabolic dysfunction and chronic
inflammation in adipose tissues. In this study, the ADSCs could be stimulated to differentiate into brown adipocyte with
rosiglitazone treatment based on the
Oil-Red-O staining trial. Furthermore, the multilocular lipid droplets located in the center was increased in differentiated brown adipocytes, and brown fat-associated
proteins, UCP1,
PPAR-γ, and LPL were highly expressed in brown adipocytes differentiated from ADSCs. Additionally, the results of animal experiments showed that both weight and amount of VLDL and
LDL were decreased in the serum of obese mice after
transplantation of
rosiglitazone-induced brown adipocytes, while the level of HDL increased. Moreover, the
proteins associated with lipid metabolism, LPA and UCP1, were downregulated, and the inflammatory response was suppressed through inhibition of the ITGAM/NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory responses and polarization of M2 macrophages. Similarly, the amounts of proinflammatory
cytokines, TNF-α,
IL-6, and IL-1β were decreased after
rosiglitazone-induced brown adipocyte
transplantation. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory
cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased in both groups of obese mice, with or without brown adipocyte
transplantation. Therefore, the adipose-derived stromal cells with induced browning could promote
lipid consumption and alternative polarization of M2 macrophages to attenuate adipose
inflammation in
obesity mouse models, which thus provides a potential
therapy for
obesity.