A sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) polysaccharide improves the gut microbiome to alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide concern in recent years. In this study, the effect of Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharide (HLP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was investigated in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. The results showed that HLP significantly improved glucose intolerance and regulated blood lipid and hormone levels (p < 0.05). Pathological analysis showed that HLP repaired the impairments of the pancreas and colon in diabetic rats. In addition, a high dose of HLP (200 mg/kg) significantly upregulated the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), and downregulated the mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic (Bax) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HLP treatment increased the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and decreased the opportunistic bacterial pathogen in the feces of diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that HLP has the potential to ameliorate T2DM in GK rats.

• Authors: Fuqiang Zhao, Qibing Liu, Jun Cao, Yunsheng Xu, Zhisheng Pei, Haofei Fan, Yiqiong Yuan, Xuanri Shen, Chuan Li
• Journal: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (Food Chem Toxicol) Vol. 135 Pg. 110886 (Jan 2020) ISSN: 1873-6351 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 31626838 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Adiponectin
• Blood Glucose
• Insulin
• Leptin
• Lipids
• Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
• Polysaccharides
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Topics

• Adiponectin (metabolism)
• Animals
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental (blood, microbiology)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, microbiology)
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome (drug effects)
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (metabolism)
• Insulin (metabolism)
• Leptin (metabolism)
• Lipids (blood)
• Male
• Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (metabolism)
• Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (metabolism)
• Polysaccharides (pharmacology)
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (metabolism)
• Rats
• Sea Cucumbers
• Signal Transduction