Ulceration in the stomach develops in
peptic ulcer disease when there is a loss of protective mucosal layers, particularly in Helicobacter pylori
infection.
Antibiotic therapy has failed to eradicate and impede the colonization of H. pylori. Despite given treatment, recurrent
bleeding can occur and lead to death in the affected individual. The
disease progression is also related to the non-steroidal inflammatory
drug and stress. There are extensive research efforts to identify the gastroprotective property from various
alkaloids,
flavonoids, and
tannins compounds from plants and marine. These natural products are believed to be safe for consumption. However, not much attention was given to summarize the
carbohydrate and terpenoidal anti-
ulcer compounds. Hence, this review will cover the possible mechanisms and information about acidic hydroxylans,
arabinogalactan and rhamnogalacturon; and
limonene, pinene,
lupeol,
citral,
ursolic acid and
nomilin to exemplify on the gastroprotective properties of
polysaccharides and
terpenoid, respectively, obtained from fruits. These compounds could act as a
prebiotic to prevent the inhabitation of H. pylori, modulate the
inflammation, suppress
gastric cancer growth, and capable of stimulating the reparative mechanisms on the affected regions. Finally, this review provides the future research prospects of these natural compounds in an effort to develop new
therapy for gastrointestinal tissue healing.