The novel piperazine-containing compound LQFM018: Necroptosis cell death mechanisms, dopamine D4 receptor binding and toxicological assessment.

Abstract

Piperazine is a promising scaffold for drug development due to its broad spectrum of biological activities. Based on this, the new piperazine-containing compound LQFM018 (2) [ethyl 4-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate] was synthetized and some biological activities investigated. In this work, we described its ability to bind aminergic receptors, antiproliferative effects as well as the LQFM018 (2)-triggered cell death mechanisms, in K562 leukemic cells, by flow cytometric analyses. Furthermore, acute oral systemic toxicity and potential myelotoxicity assessments of LQFM018 (2) were carried out. LQFM018 (2) was originally obtained by molecular simplification from LASSBio579 (1), an analogue compound of clozapine, with 33% of global yield. Binding profile assay to aminergic receptors showed that LQFM018 (2) has affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor (Ki = 0.26 μM). Moreover, it showed cytotoxicity in K562 cells, in a concentration and time-dependent manner; IC50 values obtained were 399, 242 and 119 μM for trypan blue assay and 427, 259 and 50 μM for MTT method at 24, 48 or 72 h, respectively. This compound (427 μM) also promoted increase in LDH release and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Furthermore, it triggered necrotic morphologies in K562 cells associated with intense cell membrane rupture as confirmed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining. LQFM018 (2) also triggered mitochondrial disturb through loss of ΔΨm associated with increase of ROS production. No significant accumulation of cytosolic cytochrome c was verified in treated cells. Furthermore, it was verified an increase of expression of TNF-R1 and mRNA levels of CYLD with no involviment in caspase-3 and -8 activation and NF-κB in K562 cells. LQFM018 (2) showed in vitro myelotoxicity potential, but it was orally well tolerated and classified as UN GHS category 5 (LD50 > 2000-5000 mg/Kg). Thus, LQFM018 (2) seems to have a non-selective action considering hematopoietic cells. In conclusion, it is suggested LQFM018 (2) promotes cell death in K562 cells via necroptotic signaling, probably with involvement of dopamine D4 receptor. These findings open new perspectives in cancer therapy by use of necroptosis inducing agents as a strategy of reverse cancer cell chemoresistance.

• Authors: Fabiana Bettanin Costa, Alane P Cortez, Renato Ivan de Ávila, Flávio S de Carvalho, Wanessa M Andrade, Andrezza F da Cruz, Karinna B Reis, Ricardo Menegatti, Luciano M Lião, Luiz Antônio S Romeiro, François Noël, Carlos Alberto M Fraga, Eliezer J Barreiro, Germán Sanz, Marcella F Rodrigues, Boniek G Vaz, Marize Campos Valadares
• Journal: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (Biomed Pharmacother) Vol. 102 Pg. 481-493 (Jun 2018) ISSN: 1950-6007 [Electronic] France
• PMID: 29579709 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• LQFM018
• NF-kappa B
• Phosphatidylserines
• Piperazines
• RNA, Messenger
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
• Receptors, Dopamine D4
• Piperazine
• Cytochromes c
• Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD
• Caspase 3
• Caspase 8

Topics

• 3T3 Cells
• Administration, Oral
• Animals
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Binding, Competitive (drug effects)
• Caspase 3 (genetics, metabolism)
• Caspase 8 (genetics, metabolism)
• Cell Cycle (drug effects)
• Cell Shape (drug effects)
• Cytochromes c (metabolism)
• Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD (metabolism)
• Exocytosis (drug effects)
• Female
• Humans
• K562 Cells
• Kinetics
• Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial (drug effects)
• Mice
• NF-kappa B (metabolism)
• Necrosis
• Phosphatidylserines (metabolism)
• Piperazine
• Piperazines (chemical synthesis, chemistry, pharmacology)
• Protein Binding (drug effects)
• RNA, Messenger (genetics, metabolism)
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
• Receptors, Dopamine D4 (metabolism)
• Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I (metabolism)
• Toxicity Tests