Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: We studied two cohorts-120 women with a history of GDM and 120 controls-on average 3.7 years after delivery. Serum concentrations of hsCRP were determined by immunonephelometric and immunoturbidimetric methods, MMP-8 by immunofluorometric assay, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined using the foot-to-foot velocity method from carotid and femoral waveforms by using a SphygmoCor device. Arterial compliance was measured non-invasively by an HDI/PulseWave™CR-2000 arterial tonometer. All 240 women were also included in subgroup analyses to study the effect of obesity on the results. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS: PWV after pregnancy complicated by GDM was significantly higher than after normal pregnancy, 6.44 ± 0.83 (SD) vs. 6.17 ± 0.74 m/s (p = 0.009). Previous GDM was also one of the significant determinants of PWV in multiple linear regression analyses. On the other hand, compliance indices of both large (p = 0.092) and small (p = 0.681) arteries did not differ between the study cohorts. Serum TIMP-1 levels were significantly increased after previous GDM (p = 0.020). However, no differences were found in the serum levels of MMP-8, MMP-9 or hsCRP. In subgroup analyses, there were significantly higher concentrations of hsCRP (p = 0.015) and higher PWV (p < 0.001) among obese women compared with non-obese ones. CONCLUSIONS: PWV values were significantly higher after GDM compared with normoglycemic pregnancies and were associated with prolonged TIMP-1 upregulation. Cardiovascular risk factors were more common in participants with high BMI than in those with previous GDM.
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Authors | Tiina Vilmi-Kerälä, Anneli Lauhio, Taina Tervahartiala, Outi Palomäki, Jukka Uotila, Timo Sorsa, Ari Palomäki |
Journal | Cardiovascular diabetology
(Cardiovasc Diabetol)
Vol. 16
Issue 1
Pg. 49
(04 13 2017)
ISSN: 1475-2840 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 28407807
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- TIMP1 protein, human
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
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Topics |
- Adult
- Blood Pressure
(physiology)
- Cardiovascular Diseases
(blood, physiopathology)
- Cohort Studies
- Diabetes, Gestational
(blood, diagnosis)
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation
(physiopathology)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Risk Factors
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
(blood)
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Stiffness
(drug effects, physiology)
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