Vanillic Acid Inhibits Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting Neutrophil Recruitment, Oxidative Stress, Cytokine Production, and NFκB Activation in Mice.

Abstract

Vanillic acid (1) is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits. It is an oxidized form of vanillin. Phenolic compounds form a substantial part of plant foods used as antioxidants with beneficial biological activities. These compounds have received considerable attention because of their role in preventing human diseases. Especially, 1 presents antibacterial, antimicrobial, and chemopreventive effects. However, the mechanisms by which 1 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in vivo are incompletely understood. Thus, the effect of 1 was evaluated in murine models of inflammatory pain. Treatment with 1 inhibited the overt pain-like behavior induced by acetic acid, phenyl-p-benzoquinone, the second phase of the formalin test, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Treatment with 1 also inhibited carrageenan- and CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, paw edema, myeloperoxidase activity, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of 1 involved the inhibition of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and NFκB activation in the carrageenan model. The present study demonstrated 1 presents analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a wide range of murine inflammation models, and its mechanisms of action involves antioxidant effects and NFκB-related inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

• Authors: Cássia Calixto-Campos, Thacyana T Carvalho, Miriam S N Hohmann, Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro, Victor Fattori, Marília F Manchope, Ana C Zarpelon, Marcela M Baracat, Sandra R Georgetti, Rubia Casagrande, Waldiceu A Verri Jr
• Journal: Journal of natural products (J Nat Prod) Vol. 78 Issue 8 Pg. 1799-808 (Aug 28 2015) ISSN: 1520-6025 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26192250 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Analgesics
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Antioxidants
• Benzaldehydes
• Benzoquinones
• Cytokines
• NF-kappa B
• phenylbenzoquinone
• Carrageenan
• Freund's Adjuvant
• vanillin
• Vanillic Acid

Topics

• Analgesics (pharmacology)
• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Antioxidants (pharmacology)
• Benzaldehydes (chemistry)
• Benzoquinones (pharmacology)
• Carrageenan (adverse effects)
• Cytokines (biosynthesis)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Edema (chemically induced)
• Freund's Adjuvant (pharmacology)
• Hyperalgesia (drug therapy)
• Inflammation (chemically induced)
• Male
• Mice
• Molecular Structure
• NF-kappa B (drug effects)
• Neutrophil Infiltration (drug effects)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Pain (drug therapy)
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)
• Vanillic Acid (chemistry, pharmacology)