Toxic optic neuropathies: an updated review.

Abstract

Toxic optic neuropathy (TON) is caused by the damage to the optic nerve through different toxins, including drugs, metals, organic solvents, methanol and carbon dioxide. A similar clinical picture may also be caused by nutritional deficits, including B vitamins, folic acid and proteins with sulphur-containing amino acids. This review summarizes the present knowledge on disease-causing factors, clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment in TON. It discusses in detail known and hypothesized relations between drugs, including tuberculostatic drugs, antimicrobial agents, antiepileptic drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, disulfiram, halogenated hydroquinolones, antimetabolites, tamoxifen and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and optic neuropathy.

• Authors: Andrzej Grzybowski, Magdalena Zülsdorff, Helmut Wilhelm, Felix Tonagel
• Journal: Acta ophthalmologica (Acta Ophthalmol) Vol. 93 Issue 5 Pg. 402-410 (Aug 2015) ISSN: 1755-3768 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25159832 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: © 2014 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Pharmaceutical Preparations

Topics

• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions (diagnosis, etiology, therapy)
• Humans
• Optic Nerve (drug effects)
• Optic Nerve Diseases (chemically induced, diagnosis, therapy)
• Pharmaceutical Preparations