Regulation of the cancer cell membrane lipid composition by NaCHOleate: effects on cell signaling and therapeutical relevance in glioma.

Abstract

This review summarizes the cellular bases of the effects of NaCHOleate (2-hydroxyoleic acid; 2OHOA; Minerval) against glioma and other types of tumors. NaCHOleate, activates sphingomyelin synthase (SGMS) increasing the levels of cell membrane sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) together with reductions of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The increases in the membrane levels of NaCHOleate itself and of DAG induce a translocation and overexpression of protein kinase C (PKC) and subsequent reductions of Cyclin D, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDKs 4 and 6), hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, inhibition of E2F1 and knockdown of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) impairing DNA synthesis. In addition in some cancer cells, the increases in SM are associated with Fas receptor (FasR) capping and ligand-free induction of apoptosis. In glioma cell lines, the increases in SM are associated with the inhibition of the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, in association with p27Kip1 overexpression. Finally, an analysis of the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) database for glioma patient survival shows that the weight of SM-related metabolism gene expression in glioma patients' survival is similar to glioma-related genes. Due to its low toxicity and anti-tumoral effect in cell and animal models its status as an orphan drug for glioma treatment by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) was recently acknowledged and a phase 1/2A open label, non-randomized study was started in patients with advanced solid tumors including malignant glioma. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.

• Authors: Victoria Lladó, David J López, Maitane Ibarguren, María Alonso, Joan B Soriano, Pablo V Escribá, Xavier Busquets
• Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta (Biochim Biophys Acta) Vol. 1838 Issue 6 Pg. 1619-27 (Jun 2014) ISSN: 0006-3002 [Print] Netherlands
• PMID: 24525074 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Chemical References

• 2-hydroxyoleic acid
• Membrane Lipids
• Oleic Acids

Topics

• Animals
• Cell Membrane (drug effects, metabolism)
• Glioma (drug therapy, metabolism, pathology)
• Humans
• Membrane Lipids (chemistry, metabolism)
• Oleic Acids (pharmacology)
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)