Influence of a polyphenol-enriched protein powder on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in athletes: a randomized trial using a metabolomics approach.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Polyphenol supplementation was tested as a countermeasure to inflammation and oxidative stress induced by 3-d intensified training.

METHODS:

Water soluble polyphenols from blueberry and green tea extracts were captured onto a polyphenol soy protein complex (PSPC). Subjects were recruited, and included 38 long-distance runners ages 19-45 years who regularly competed in road races. Runners successfully completing orientation and baseline testing (N = 35) were randomized to 40 g/d PSPC (N = 17) (2,136 mg/d gallic acid equivalents) or placebo (N = 18) for 17 d using double-blinded methods and a parallel group design, with a 3-d running period inserted at day 14 (2.5 h/d, 70% VO2max). Blood samples were collected pre- and post-14 d supplementation, and immediately and 14 h after the third day of running in subjects completing all aspects of the study (N = 16 PSPC, N = 15 placebo), and analyzed using a metabolomics platform with GC-MS and LC-MS.

RESULTS:

Metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria metabolism of polyphenols were increased with PSPC and 3 d running (e.g., hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, 1.8-, 1.9-, 2.5-fold, respectively, P<0.05), an effect which persisted for 14-h post-exercise. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis were induced by exercise in both groups, with more ketones at 14-h post-exercise in PSPC (3-hydroxybutyrate, 1.8-fold, P<0.05). Established biomarkers for inflammation (CRP, cytokines) and oxidative stress (protein carbonyls) did not differ between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

PSPC supplementation over a 17-d period did not alter established biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress but was linked to an enhanced gut-derived phenolic signature and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Institutes of Health, identifier: NCT01775384.

• Authors: David C Nieman, Nicholas D Gillitt, Amy M Knab, R Andrew Shanely, Kirk L Pappan, Fuxia Jin, Mary Ann Lila
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 8 Issue 8 Pg. e72215 ( 2013) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23967286 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antioxidants
• Biomarkers
• Cytokines
• Inflammation Mediators
• Plant Extracts
• Polyphenols

Topics

• Adult
• Antioxidants (pharmacology)
• Athletes
• Biomarkers (blood, metabolism)
• Cytokines (blood)
• Dietary Supplements
• Exercise
• Female
• Humans
• Inflammation (etiology, metabolism)
• Inflammation Mediators (blood)
• Male
• Metabolome
• Metabolomics
• Oxidative Stress
• Plant Extracts (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Polyphenols (pharmacology)