Abstract | AIMS: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated as a cause of various neurodegenerative diseases. We evaluated the protective effects of purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran extract (PRE) and its constituents, namely cyanidin, peonidin, and a newly isolated compound 2-hydroxy-5-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenyl-β-D- glucoside (HHPG), against tunicamycin-induced retinal damage. MAIN METHODS: KEY FINDINGS: The viability of H(2)O(2) or tunicamycin-treated RGC-5, assessed using the tetrazolium salt (WST-8) assay, was improved by treatment with PRE, cyanidin, and HHPG, respectively. PRE did not affect tunicamycin-induced expressions of BiP or CHOP. However, PRE, cyanidin, and HHPG suppressed tunicamycin-induced caspase-3 activation. Histological analysis using hematoxylin- eosin staining showed that intravitreous injection of PRE significantly suppressed the tunicamycin-induced degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that PRE, cyanidin, and HHPG suppress tunicamycin-induced retinal ganglion cell death at least partly by inhibiting activation of caspase-3, suggesting that PRE and its main constituents prevent retinal disease caused by ER stress.
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Authors | Junji Tanaka, Tomohiro Nakanishi, Hiroshi Shimoda, Seikou Nakamura, Kazuhiro Tsuruma, Masamitsu Shimazawa, Hisashi Matsuda, Masayuki Yoshikawa, Hideaki Hara |
Journal | Life sciences
(Life Sci)
Vol. 92
Issue 1
Pg. 17-25
(Jan 17 2013)
ISSN: 1879-0631 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 23123597
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- 2-hydroxy-5-((3S)-3-hydroxybutyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucoside
- Anthocyanins
- Glucosides
- Plant Extracts
- Tunicamycin
- cyanidin
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Caspase 3
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Topics |
- Animals
- Anthocyanins
(isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Caspase 3
(metabolism)
- Cell Death
(drug effects)
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
(drug effects)
- Glucosides
(chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Hydrogen Peroxide
(toxicity)
- Male
- Mice
- Oryza
(chemistry)
- Plant Extracts
(pharmacology)
- Retinal Ganglion Cells
(drug effects, pathology)
- Tunicamycin
(toxicity)
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