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Local production of serum amyloid a is implicated in the induction of macrophage chemoattractants in Schwann cells during wallerian degeneration of peripheral nerves.

Abstract
The elevation of serum levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) has been regarded as an acute reactive response following inflammation and various types of injuries. SAA from the liver and extrahepatic tissues plays an immunomodulatory role in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral nerves have been implicated in the Wallerian degeneration of peripheral nerves after injury and in certain types of inflammatory neuropathies. In the present study, we found that a sciatic nerve axotomy could induce an increase of SAA1 and SAA3 mRNA expression in sciatic nerves. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Schwann cells are the primary sources of SAA production after nerve injury. In addition, interleukin-6-null mice, but not tumor necrosis factor-α-null mice showed a defect in the production of SAA1 in sciatic nerve following injury. Dexamethasone treatment enhanced the expression and secretion of SAA1 and SAA3 in sciatic nerve explants cultures, suggesting that interleukin-6 and corticosteroids might be major regulators for SAA production in Schwann cells following injury. Moreover, the stimulation of Schwann cells with SAA1 elicited the production of the macrophage chemoattractants, Ccl2 and Ccl3, in part through a G-protein coupled receptor. Our findings suggest that locally produced SAA might play an important role in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
AuthorsSo Young Jang, Yoon Kyung Shin, Ha Young Lee, Joo Youn Park, Duk Joon Suh, Jong Kuk Kim, Yoe-Sik Bae, Hwan Tae Park
JournalGlia (Glia) Vol. 60 Issue 10 Pg. 1619-28 (Oct 2012) ISSN: 1098-1136 [Electronic] United States
PMID22777957 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical References
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Chemokine CCL2
  • Chemokine CCL3
  • Chemotactic Factors
  • Interleukin-6
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide
  • Saa2 protein, mouse
  • Saa3 protein, mouse
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • formyl peptide receptor 2, mouse
  • Dexamethasone
Topics
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents (pharmacology)
  • Axotomy
  • Chemokine CCL2 (metabolism)
  • Chemokine CCL3 (metabolism)
  • Chemotactic Factors (metabolism)
  • Dexamethasone (pharmacology)
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (methods)
  • Gene Expression Regulation (drug effects, genetics)
  • Interleukin-6 (deficiency)
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Organ Culture Techniques
  • RNA, Messenger (metabolism)
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide (genetics, metabolism)
  • Schwann Cells (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
  • Sciatic Nerve (metabolism, pathology)
  • Sciatic Neuropathy (complications, etiology, pathology)
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein (genetics, metabolism)
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (deficiency)
  • Wallerian Degeneration (drug therapy, etiology, pathology)

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