Effects of different protein content and glycaemic index of ad libitum diets on diabetes risk factors in overweight adults: the DIOGenes multicentre, randomized, dietary intervention trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Dietary regimens providing different levels of protein and glycemic index (GI) foods when prescribed for weight management may also influence insulin sensitivity.

PROCEDURES AND OUTCOMES:

Overweight/obese adults in 8 European countries who lost ≥ 8% of initial body-weight (BW) after following a low calorie diet (LCD) were later randomly assigned with a 2x2 factorial design into 4 ad libitum dietary groups with two different protein content levels and dissimilar glycemic index, which were compared to a healthy reference diet. Specific markers assessing insulin resistance were measured. The LCD was initially applied to 932 adults and 773 were randomised to the 5 ad libitum diets. The 6-months programme was completed by 548 participants. The assignment to the Low Protein /High Glycemic Index diet induced a statistically higher HOMA-IR increase during the 6 months period as compared to the control. Contrariwise, the insulin response was lower in the High Protein/Low Glycemic Index diet after 60 and 90 min of an Oral Glucose Tolerance test subsequently carried out after the 6-months intervention. The Low Glycemic Index diets (either with high or low protein content) also lead to a decrease in fructosamine levels during the trial.

CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION:

After a weight loss period, an increase in the dietary protein proportions and a decrease in the consumption of foods with a high Glycemic Index within an ad libitum dietary intervention aiming to weight maintenance produced favorable effects on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese subjects.

• Authors: Estibaliz Goyenechea, Claus Holst, Marleen A van Baak, Wim H M Saris, Susan Jebb, Anthony Kafatos, Andreas Pfeiffer, Svetoslav Handjiev, Petr Hlavaty, Steen Stender, Thomas M Larsen, Arne Astrup, J Alfredo Martinez, DIOGenes
• Journal: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews (Diabetes Metab Res Rev) Vol. 27 Issue 7 Pg. 705-16 (Oct 2011) ISSN: 1520-7560 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 21591241 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chemical References

• Dietary Proteins

Topics

• Adult
• Body Mass Index
• Body Weight
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (diet therapy, etiology, prevention & control)
• Diet
• Dietary Proteins
• Female
• Glycemic Index
• Humans
• Insulin Resistance
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Overweight (complications, diet therapy)
• Risk Factors