Abstract | BACKGROUND:
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha ( TNFalpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine extensively studied for its role in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease conditions, including in inflammatory diseases. We have recently shown that, in vitro, that TNFalpha utilizes PLD1 to mediate the activation of NFkappaB and ERK1/2 in human monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role(s) played by phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in TNFalpha-mediated inflammatory responses in vivo. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: Studies were performed in vivo using a mouse model of TNFalpha-induced peritonitis. The role of PLD1 was investigated by functional genomics, utilizing a specific siRNA to silence the expression of PLD1. Administration of the siRNA against PLD1 significantly reduced PLD1 levels in vivo. TNFalpha triggers a rapid pyrogenic response, but the in vivo silencing of PLD1 protects mice from the TNFalpha-induced rise in temperature. Similarly TNFalpha caused an increase in the serum levels of IL-6, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta: this increase in cytokine/ chemokine levels was inhibited in mice where PLD1 had been silenced. We then induced acute peritonitis with TNFalpha. Intraperitoneal injection of TNFalpha triggered a rapid increase in vascular permeability, and the influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the peritoneal cavity. By contrast, in mice where PLD1 had been silenced, the TNFalpha-triggered increase in vascular permeability and phagocyte influx was substantially reduced. Furthermore, we also show that the TNFalpha-mediated upregulation of the cell adhesion molecules VCAM and ICAM1, in the vascular endothelium, were dependent on PLD1. CONCLUSIONS: These novel data demonstrate a critical role for PLD1 in TNFalpha-induced inflammation in vivo and warrant further investigation. Indeed, our results suggest PLD1 as a novel target for treating inflammatory diseases, where TNFalpha play key roles: these include diseases ranging from sepsis to respiratory and autoimmune diseases; all diseases with considerable unmet medical need.
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Authors | Swaminathan Sethu, Peter N Pushparaj, Alirio J Melendez |
Journal | PloS one
(PLoS One)
Vol. 5
Issue 5
Pg. e10506
(May 05 2010)
ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 20463923
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Chemokines
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- Phospholipase D
- phospholipase D1
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Topics |
- Animals
- Body Temperature
(drug effects)
- Capillary Permeability
(drug effects)
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
(metabolism)
- Chemokines
(biosynthesis)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Inflammation
(complications, enzymology, pathology)
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Monocytes
(drug effects, pathology)
- Neutrophil Infiltration
(drug effects)
- Peritoneum
(drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
- Peritonitis
(blood, complications, enzymology, pathology)
- Phospholipase D
(metabolism)
- RNA, Small Interfering
(metabolism)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(pharmacology)
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