Clonal spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Europe and North America: an international multicentre study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and to examine the clonal distribution in Europe and North America.

METHODS:

A total of 103 MRSP isolates from dogs isolated from several countries in Europe, the USA and Canada were characterized. Isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth dilution or gradient diffusion, and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using a microarray. Genetic diversity was assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), PFGE and spa typing. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements were characterized by multiplex PCR.

RESULTS:

Thirteen different sequence types (STs), 18 PFGE types and 8 spa types were detected. The hybrid SCCmec element II-III described in a MRSP isolate was present in 75 (72.8%) isolates. The remaining isolates either had SCCmec type III (n=2), IV (n=6), V (n=14) or VII-241 (n=4) or were non-typeable (n=2). The most common genotypes were ST71(MLST)-J(PFGE)-t02(spa)-II-III(SCCmec) (56.3%) and ST68-C-t06-V (12.6%). In addition to mecA-mediated beta-lactam resistance, isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim [dfr(G)] (90.3%), gentamicin/kanamycin [aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia] (88.3%), kanamycin [aph(3')-III] (90.3%), streptomycin [ant(6')-Ia] (90.3%), streptothricin (sat4) (90.3%), macrolides and/or lincosamides [erm(B), lnu(A)] (89.3%), fluoroquinolones (87.4%), tetracycline [tet(M) and/or tet(K)] (69.9%), chloramphenicol (cat(pC221)) (57.3%) and rifampicin (1.9%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Two major clonal MRSP lineages have disseminated in Europe (ST71-J-t02-II-III) and North America (ST68-C-t06-V). Regardless of their geographical or clonal origin, the isolates displayed resistance to the major classes of antibiotics used in veterinary medicine and thus infections caused by MRSP isolates represent a serious therapeutic challenge.

• Authors: Vincent Perreten, Kristina Kadlec, Stefan Schwarz, Ulrika Grönlund Andersson, Maria Finn, Christina Greko, Arshnee Moodley, Stephen A Kania, Linda A Frank, David A Bemis, Alessia Franco, Manuela Iurescia, Antonio Battisti, Birgitta Duim, Jaap A Wagenaar, Engeline van Duijkeren, J Scott Weese, J Ross Fitzgerald, Alexandra Rossano, Luca Guardabassi
• Journal: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy (J Antimicrob Chemother) Vol. 65 Issue 6 Pg. 1145-54 (Jun 2010) ISSN: 1460-2091 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 20348087 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Topics

• Animals
• Bacterial Typing Techniques
• DNA Fingerprinting
• Dog Diseases (epidemiology, microbiology)
• Dogs
• Europe (epidemiology)
• Genes, Bacterial
• Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (classification, isolation & purification)
• Microarray Analysis
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• North America (epidemiology)
• Polymorphism, Genetic
• Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
• Staphylococcal Infections (epidemiology, microbiology, veterinary)