Macronutrient composition and increased physical activity modulate plasma adipokines and appetite hormones during a weight loss intervention.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

We have shown previously that in overweight premenopausal women, changes in macronutrient composition and increasing the number of steps walked per day favorably affect body composition and plasma lipid profiles. As a follow-up, we evaluated the effect of moderate carbohydrate intake and increased physical activity on inflammation and regulation of appetite.

METHODS:

Seventy premenopausal women with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 37 kg/m(2) participated in a 10-week weight loss intervention program consisting of the following macronutrient energy distribution: 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 30% protein, in addition to a progressive increase in the number of steps taken per day. Plasma adiponectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), leptin, and ghrelin levels were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks.

RESULTS:

Subjects reduced body weight by 4.5%, waist circumference (WC) by 6.4%, and trunk fat by 4.6%. Plasma insulin and insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were reduced after 10 weeks (p < 0.01). Plasma adiponectin was increased by 11% (p < 0.05), and ICAM-1 levels were decreased (p < 0.05) after 10 weeks. A negative correlation was found between changes in insulin and changes in adiponectin between baseline and 10 weeks (r = -0.397, p < 0.01), indicating a role of adiponectin in increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, plasma ghrelin levels were increased by 17% (p < 0.001), indicating a signal for increased appetite associated with weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS:

These studies indicate that weight loss interventions involving moderate changes in dietary carbohydrate and increases in physical activity favorably affect insulin sensitivity and decrease inflammation.

• Authors: Shymaa M Ata, Ushma Vaishnav, Michael Puglisi, Ingrid E Lofgren, Richard J Wood, Jeff S Volek, Maria Luz Fernandez
• Journal: Journal of women's health (2002) (J Womens Health (Larchmt)) Vol. 19 Issue 1 Pg. 139-45 (Jan 2010) ISSN: 1931-843X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20088670 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Adipokines
• Dietary Carbohydrates
• Dietary Fats
• Dietary Proteins
• Ghrelin
• Leptin
• Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
• Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
• Carnitine

Topics

• Adipokines (blood)
• Adult
• Appetite Regulation (physiology)
• Body Composition (physiology)
• Body Mass Index
• Carnitine (administration & dosage, urine)
• Diet, Reducing
• Dietary Carbohydrates (administration & dosage)
• Dietary Fats (administration & dosage)
• Dietary Proteins (administration & dosage)
• Double-Blind Method
• Exercise (physiology)
• Female
• Ghrelin (blood)
• Humans
• Inflammation (prevention & control)
• Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (blood)
• Leptin (blood)
• Middle Aged
• Premenopause (blood, physiology)
• Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (blood)
• Weight Loss (physiology)