Bile acids in the intestinal lumen contribute to the homeostatic regulation of proliferation and death of the colonic epithelial cells:
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) appears to enhance and
ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to attenuate the process of chemically induced
carcinogenesis. We studied the effects of UDCA on
colitis-related colorectal
carcinogenesis. Three groups of 25 mice were given 0.7%
dextran sulphate in
drinking water for 7 days and pure water for 10 days and were fed a standard diet containing double
iron concentration. In 2 groups, the diet was supplemented with 0.2%
cholic acid (CA), the precursor of DCA, or with 0.4% UDCA. After 15 cycles, the histology, the expression of MUC2,
beta-catenin, p27 and p16 and the fecal water concentration of DCA and UDCA were investigated. All animals showed
colitis with similar severity and histologic as well as immunophenotypic alterations, resembling those of human
colitis. Among the animals fed the nonsupplemented diet, 46% developed colorectal
adenocarcinomas and 54% anal-rectal
squamous cell carcinomas. The prevalence of dysplasia and
carcinomas did not change significantly in the animals given CA. Among the mice fed with UDCA, none developed
adenocarcinomas and 20%
squamous carcinomas. Dysplastic lesions were found in 88%, 67% and 40% of each group, respectively. The prevalence of dysplasia as well as of
carcinoma showed an inverse relationship to the UDCA concentration in the fecal water. These data indicate that UDCA suppresses
colitis-associated
carcinogenesis. This model is suitable for investigation of the mechanism of the
anticarcinogenic effect of UDCA in vivo.