Mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of stevioside, a glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana.

Abstract	We have studied the effects of stevioside on the glucose and insulin metabolism in 2 models of diabetes in rats, STZ-induced diabetic rats and NIDDM diabetic rats induced by feeding with fructose. Stevioside (0.5 mg/kg), lowered the blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats, peaking at 90 min. Stevioside administered twice daily also demonstrated dose-dependent effects in lowering the glucose levels in both diabetic rat models. Stevioside reduced the rise in glucose during glucose tolerance testing in normal rats. Stevioside dose-dependently decreased protein levels of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and PEPCK mRNA after 15 days of treatment. Stevioside also reduced insulin resistance in the diabetic animals as shown by the glucose lowering effects of tolbutamide. In conclusion, stevioside was able to regulate blood glucose levels by enhancing not only insulin secretion, but also insulin utilization in insulin-deficient rats; the latter was due to decreased PEPCK gene expression in rat liver by stevioside's action of slowing down gluconeogenesis. Further studies of this agent for the treatment of diabetes appear warranted.
Authors	Tso-Hsiao Chen, Shi-Chung Chen, Paul Chan, Yen-Ling Chu, Hung-Yu Yang, Juei-Tang Cheng
Journal	Planta medica (Planta Med) Vol. 71 Issue 2 Pg. 108-13 (Feb 2005) ISSN: 0032-0943 [Print] Germany
PMID	15729617 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Blood Glucose Glycosides Hypoglycemic Agents Plant Extracts RNA, Messenger Streptozocin Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)
Topics	Animals Blood Glucose (drug effects) Diabetes Mellitus (chemically induced, prevention & control) Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Glycosides (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use) Hypoglycemic Agents (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use) Male Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) (drug effects, genetics) Phytotherapy Plant Extracts (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use) RNA, Messenger (analysis) Rats Rats, Wistar Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Stevia Streptozocin

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