Vocal Cord Dysfunction

A disorder characterized by an intermittent abnormal VOCAL CORDS movement toward the midline during inspiration or expiration resulting in upper AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION.

Also Known As:

Exercise-Induced Vocal Cord Dysfunction; Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion; Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder; Dysfunction, Vocal Cord; Dysfunctions, Vocal Cord; Exercise Induced Vocal Cord Dysfunction; Vocal Cord Dysfunctions

Networked: 129 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
2.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
3.	Hyperventilation
4.	Chest Pain (Chest Pains)
5.	somatic cough syndrome

Experts

1.	Anbar, Ran D: 4 articles (03/2014 - 12/2002)
2.	Bardin, Philip G: 3 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
3.	Hew, Mark: 3 articles (01/2022 - 12/2018)
4.	Baxter, Malcolm: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
5.	Lau, Kenneth K: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
6.	MacDonald, Martin: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
7.	Phyland, Debra: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
8.	Ruane, Laurence: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
9.	Matrka, Laura: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2019)
10.	deSilva, Brad: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2019)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vocal Cord Dysfunction:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Demonstrate efficacy of vocal fold botulinum toxin injection for treatment of refractory paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD). " 01/01/2019 - "Vocal fold botulinum toxin injection for refractory paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder." 07/01/2015 - "Office-based laryngeal injection of botulinum toxin for paradoxical vocal fold motion in a child." 03/01/2014 - "Periodic botulinum toxin injections for paradoxical vocal fold motion in a child with cerebral palsy: a case study." 10/01/1998 - "This is a retrospective analysis of patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (strain-strangled voice), abductor spasmodic dysphonia (whispering voice), and adductor breathing dystonia (paradoxical vocal fold motion), all of whom have been treated with botulinum toxin injections for relief of symptom. "
2.	Methacholine Chloride (Methacholine)FDA Link 11/01/2021 - "Nasolaryngoscopy and pulmonary function testing, with provocative exercise and methacholine, can help diagnose vocal cord dysfunction and are helpful to evaluate for other etiologies. " 09/01/2006 - "Methacholine challenge testing in the diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold motion." 12/01/2002 - "To determine whether methacholine challenge testing (MCT) provokes vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), as evidenced by inspiratory vocal cord closure on direct laryngoscopy, and whether spirometry and flow-volume loops (FVLs) demonstrate any changes that are suggestive of VCD. " 12/01/2002 - "Vocal cord dysfunction induced by methacholine challenge testing." 07/01/1992 - "In the case of vocal cord dysfunction, bronchial responsiveness to methacholine indicated a false high level by adduction of the vocal cord. "
3.	helioxIBA 04/01/2019 - "Studies were included if they presented original research into the use of Heliox for vocal cord dysfunction. " 04/01/2019 - "Despite review articles recommending the use of Heliox in vocal cord dysfunction, there is a lack of good quality research to support this conclusion. " 04/01/2019 - "To perform a systematic literature review on the use of Heliox with patients with inducible laryngeal obstruction/vocal cord dysfunction to: i) identify current evidence base; and ii) establish the methodological quality of published research. " 04/01/2019 - "Heliox for inducible laryngeal obstruction (vocal cord dysfunction): A systematic literature review." 01/01/2002 - "Bilateral vocal cord dysfunction complicating short-term intubation and the utility of heliox."
4.	Irritants (Vesicants)IBA 12/01/2015 - "To review our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of irritant-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (IPVFMD). " 12/01/2015 - "Irritant-Induced Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder: Diagnosis and Management." 01/01/2012 - "A 38-year-old hairdresser with irritant-associated vocal cord dysfunction." 06/01/2011 - "Treating physicians diagnosed irritant-associated vocal cord dysfunction (IVCD) and reactive airways disease syndrome (RADS) resulting from exposure. " 04/01/2007 - "This report presents two cases of irritant vocal cord dysfunction secondary to specific environmental exposure, the first to iroko and western red cedar wood (a carpenter) and the second to xerographic printing toner (a secretary). "
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/03/1995 - "Patients may then get treated with high doses of corticosteroids unnecessarily, because the symptoms due to vocal cord dysfunction are misinterpreted as being asthmatic. " 01/01/2022 - "A multidisciplinary team clinic for vocal cord dysfunction reduces corticosteroid burst therapy." 10/01/2022 - "Clinical phenotypes identified included inhaled corticosteroid responsiveness, paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder, deconditioning, and dysautonomia. " 12/01/2012 - "Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) and dysfunctional breathing (DB) disorders may mimic or coexist with asthma, leading to overtreatment with corticosteroids with consequent morbidity. " 04/01/2000 - "[Vocal cord dysfunction simulating severe corticoid-dependent asthma]."
6.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 12/31/2018 - " review summarises recent data about the prevalence, clinical impact and treatment effects of ENT comorbidities in asthma including allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, obstructive sleep apnoea and vocal cord dysfunction.Many" 03/01/2013 - "Diagnostic considerations included allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, vocal cord dysfunction, chronic sinusitis secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and systemic inflammatory and immunologic diseases, including vasculitis. " 11/01/2008 - "Diagnostic considerations included allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, vocal cord dysfunction, extra-esophageal manifestations of acid reflux, and vasculitits. " 05/01/2012 - "Many forms of the disease can occur, and complex mixtures are not uncommon; here we artificially separated the cases into four groups: (i) inhalant allergy, (ii) fungal sensitization with or without colonization (including ABPA); (iii) severe sinusitis with or without aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and (iv) non-inflammatory cases, including those associated with severe obesity and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD). "
7.	SteroidsIBA 12/01/1995 - "Vocal cord dysfunction syndrome and "steroid-dependent" asthmatics." 07/01/2005 - "Incidence of vocal cord dysfunction after fluoroscopically guided steroid injections in the axial skeleton." 10/01/2021 - "Patients were excluded if they had previous thyroid or neck surgery, known vocal cord dysfunction on laryngoscopy, hearing or voice problems, a history of gastroesophageal reflux, stomach ulcer disease, or contraindications to steroid use. "
8.	IronIBA 09/01/2013 - "We report a patient with paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) due to pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, a rare neurodegenerative disease and a subclass of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders. " 12/01/2022 - "Less is known about reflux, obstructive sleep apnoea and vocal cord dysfunction, along with nutritional deficiencies to iron and vitamin D. "
9.	Hypnotics and Sedatives (Sedatives)IBA 10/01/2015 - "Hypnosis has previously proven efficacious for treating vocal cord dysfunction, and in this case, hypnotic techniques were major factors in successful symptom control. " 12/01/2018 - "In a single-institution analysis of neonates following the Norwood procedure, gtube requirement was independently associated with vocal cord dysfunction and longer duration of sedative or narcotic infusions. " 12/01/2018 - "Multivariable regression analysis found vocal cord dysfunction (P = 0.001, odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.4) and longer duration of sedative or narcotic infusion (P = 0.01, odds ratio 1.1, 1.03-1.2) to be independently associated with the requirement for gtube among patients who underwent the Norwood procedure. "
10.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2000 - "No vocal cord dysfunction or significant changes in serum calcium levels after IEI were detected." 11/01/1999 - "No rat developed vocal cord dysfunction after cryotherapy and no significant changes in serum calcium level before and after cryotherapy were observed. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2017 - "Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) is responsive to behavioral therapy, often resulting in a remission of symptoms, but little is known about whether treatment is beneficial with regard to PVFM-associated psychological symptoms or functional limitations. " 07/01/2023 - "Voice therapy is a safe and effective first line treatment of vocal cord dysfunction even when controlling for comorbid conditions." 07/01/2023 - "To improve diagnostic accuracy, this study aims to identify demographics associated with vocal cord dysfunction and to determine their impact on the efficacy of voice therapy in improving vocal cord function. " 07/01/2023 - "184 patients who underwent voice therapy for vocal cord dysfunction were included. " 07/01/2023 - "Predictors of voice therapy efficacy in vocal cord dysfunction at a tertiary care center."
2.	Hypnosis (Mesmerism) 12/01/2000 - "Hypnosis as a diagnostic modality for vocal cord dysfunction." 10/01/2004 - "For example, a girl with dyspnea resulting from vocal cord dysfunction realized during hypnosis that she developed her symptom in order to prevent herself from talking about information that might cause discomfort were it disclosed. " 10/01/2015 - "Hypnosis for Asthma and Vocal Cord Dysfunction in a Patient With Autism." 03/01/2014 - "This article gives a brief overview of how hypnotherapy is performed followed by a review of its applications in paediatric patients with asthma, cystic fibrosis, dyspnea, habit cough, vocal cord dysfunction, and those requiring non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. " 12/03/2002 - "Hypnotherapy was associated with improvement in 80% of patients with persistent asthma, chest pain/pressure, habit cough, hyperventilation, shortness of breath, sighing, and vocal cord dysfunction. "
3.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 01/01/2000 - "Myasthenic inspiratory vocal cord dysfunction: efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment." 01/01/2000 - "Myasthenic vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), presenting with severe inspiratory stridor, was successfully treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), thus giving the medical staff time to make the diagnosis and avoiding intubation or tracheostomy. " 12/01/2018 - "Initial treatment of symptomatic ECAC includes treatment of coexisting conditions (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and vocal cord dysfunction) and supportive treatment of dynamic central airway collapse (antibiotics for respiratory infections, aggressive therapy, pulmonary physiotherapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and continuous positive airway pressure). "
4.	Thyroidectomy 01/01/2020 - "This study demonstrates that GlideScope® is a better alternative to MDL for an accurate detection of post-thyroidectomy vocal cord dysfunction." 01/01/2020 - "GlideScope® for the assessment of post-thyroidectomy vocal cord dysfunction, why not?" 01/01/2020 - "Early detection of post-thyroidectomy vocal cord dysfunction is crucial. " 01/01/2020 - "This study compared GlideScope® with Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDL) regarding the accuracy of assessment of post-thyroidectomy vocal cord dysfunction. " 01/01/2020 - "GlideScope® versus Macintosh laryngoscope for assessment of post-thyroidectomy vocal cord dysfunction: prospective randomized study."
5.	Sternotomy 11/01/2020 - "This study aimed to determine the incidence, symptomatology and natural history of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) following aortic arch reconstructive surgery through a median sternotomy approach. " 01/01/2006 - "There were no significant differences between the proportion of patients who underwent or did not undergo sternotomy or thoracotomy regarding vocal cord dysfunction (2 [15%] of 13 patients vs 3 [13%] of 22 patients) or hypoparathyroidism (5 [38%] of 13 vs 6 [28%] of 22 patients). "