Hyperparathyroidism

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.

Networked: 3602 relevant articles (164 outcomes, 252 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypercalcemia (Milk Alkali Syndrome)
2.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
3.	Osteoporosis
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
5.	Anemia

Experts

1.	Chen, Herbert: 22 articles (01/2016 - 05/2002)
2.	Fukagawa, Masafumi: 18 articles (12/2015 - 09/2003)
3.	Tominaga, Yoshihiro: 14 articles (11/2013 - 03/2002)
4.	Sippel, Rebecca S: 12 articles (11/2015 - 05/2003)
5.	Hendy, Geoffrey N: 10 articles (07/2014 - 03/2002)
6.	Cole, David E C: 9 articles (07/2014 - 03/2002)
7.	Solorzano, Carmen C: 9 articles (03/2011 - 05/2004)
8.	Duh, Quan-Yang: 8 articles (01/2014 - 12/2002)
9.	Clark, Orlo H: 8 articles (01/2014 - 08/2002)
10.	Drüeke, Tilman B: 8 articles (12/2013 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hyperparathyroidism:

1.	CalciumIBA 01/01/1989 - "This simple and well-tolerated regimen almost completely eliminated oral aluminium exposure, effectively controlled plasma phosphate and calcium concentrations, and reduced hyperparathyroidism." 01/01/1983 - "The combined evaluation of serum iPTH and calcium may improve the diagnosis for hyperparathyroidism and was in our series helpful in making a correct diagnosis in 2 out of 7 patients who had histologically verified disease. " 01/01/1981 - "Although pathologic parathyroid tissue could not be identified it is concluded from postoperative normalisation of calcium levels that hyperparathyroidism had been cured by surgery. " 06/01/1974 - "Improved diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism: use of serum-ionized calcium and tubular reabsorption of calcium." 12/01/2001 - "a) To study the nature and severity of neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients of hyperparathyroidism before surgery and their outcome after surgery b) To study their correlation with levels of serum calcium. "
2.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 01/01/2002 - "During the last five years, minimally invasive procedures have been adopted for the surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism, because preoperative localization studies such as high-resolution ultrasonography and sestamibi scintigraphy, guidance by intraoperative scans, and the use of quick, intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay have improved. " 09/01/2011 - "Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IoPTH) testing is useful in the management of hyperparathyroidism. " 08/01/1995 - "Comparing the drop in intact parathormone levels between cured patients and those with persistent hyperparathyroidism after surgery showed statistically significant differences. " 08/01/1984 - "These results demonstrate usefulness of homologous radioimmunoassay for human PTH(1-34) in diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidism, as well as in studying the clearance of amino-terminal portion of PTH which is known to represent biological activity." 01/01/1983 - "Parathormone assay remains the "gold standard" for definitive diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism."
3.	cinacalcet (Sensipar)FDA Link 02/01/2004 - "The present findings provide compelling evidence that cinacalcet HCl is a potent and stereoselective activator of the parathyroid CaR and, as such, might be beneficial in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism." 03/01/2015 - "At the end of the period of treatment with cinacalcet, for both variants of hyperparathyroidism, a statistically significant reduction in the overall number and in the diameter of renal stones was found. " 12/01/2010 - "Cinacalcet was effective in treating posttransplant hyperparathyroidism, resulting in decreased calcemia and transient decreased iPTH. " 03/01/2005 - "Cinacalcet HCl: a novel therapeutic for hyperparathyroidism." 11/27/2012 - "From nonrandomized studies, cinacalcet appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of posttransplant hyperparathyroidism. "
4.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1994 - "The i.v. bolus administration of 1 alpha hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives is effective in the treatment of uremic hyperparathyroidism. " 08/01/2011 - "Previous reports have indicated that Vitamin D status can be improved without adverse effects in hyperparathyroidism. " 07/01/2009 - "Treatment with vitamin D produced a slight improvement in the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism." 10/01/1987 - "A regression of hyperparathyroidism and improvement in vitamin D status are the cause of this phenomenon." 05/01/2014 - "Further study is needed to determine whether low vitamin D levels may be an etiologic factor associated with the development of hyperparathyroidism. "
5.	Calcitriol (Calcijex)FDA LinkGeneric 03/12/1994 - "The administration of intravenous calcitriol at high and intermittent doses is effective in a considerable number of patients with hyperparathyroidism resistant to the classical oral schedules. " 01/01/1997 - "These data indicate that intermittent intensive calcitriol therapy, regardless of the route of administration, is effective in suppressing parathyroid activity in HD patients with mild or moderate hyperparathyroidism. " 01/01/1996 - "Calcitriol is effective in suppressing PTH levels in haemodialysis patients with hyperparathyroidism but has a low therapeutic index. " 11/01/1995 - "The current study evaluates the use of intravenous (IV) calcitriol in 10 patients with severe hyperparathyroidism (HPTH). " 06/01/2015 - "On the other hand, high serum TRAP5b concentrations did not seem to be affected by neither calcitriol treatment nor the severity of hyperparathyroidism. "
6.	PhosphorusIBA 01/01/2015 - "The management of hyperparathyroidism in dialysis requires control of phosphorus level. " 01/01/2014 - "This case illustrates the risk of tertiary hyperparathyroidism as a complication of treatment for hypophosphataemia; it highlights the morbidity associated with hungry bone syndrome and provides novel insight into renal handling of phosphorus." 07/01/2009 - "This effect was mediated via a better control of hyperparathyroidism including serum Ca and phosphorus. " 05/01/1993 - "The importance of high plasma phosphorus levels in the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism is concisely discussed. " 01/01/1993 - "In three groups hyperparathyroidism was stimulated by the use of a high phosphorus (1.2%) diet (HPD). "
7.	paricalcitol (Zemplar)FDA Link 09/01/2014 - "Suppression of PTH may be a useful strategy for skeletal improvement in XLH patients with hyperparathyroidism, and paricalcitol appears to be an effective adjunct to standard therapy in this setting. " 06/01/2013 - "Oral paricalcitol reduces the prevalence of posttransplant hyperparathyroidism: results of an open label randomized trial." 06/01/2013 - "One-year posttransplant, 29% of paricalcitol-treated subjects had hyperparathyroidism compared with 63% of untreated patients (p = 0.0005). " 01/01/2003 - "Severe hyperparathyroidism despite paricalcitol therapy: one-year follow-up." 06/01/2013 - "Oral paricalcitol is effective in decreasing posttransplant hyperparathyroidism and may have beneficial effects on renal allograft histology."
8.	1-hydroxycholecalciferol (alfacalcidol)IBA 05/01/2005 - "Among the treatment groups, alfacalcidol significantly improved the hyperparathyroidism. " 12/01/1994 - "Oral bolus therapy and i.v. bolus therapy with alfacalcidol are equally effective in suppressing hyperparathyroidism. " 04/01/2008 - "This study was carried out to assess the efficacy of intravenous administration of alfacalcidol once weekly versus twice weekly in patients with severe hyperparathyroidism. " 06/01/2006 - "Feedback regulation of PTH with oral alfacalcidol therapy is efficient in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism. " 11/01/2004 - "Reversal of persistent hyperparathyroidism with the use of alfacalcidol may contribute to a decrease in skeletal morbidity."
9.	hydroxide ionIBA 05/01/1998 - "Only immature rats developed significant reduction of 1 alpha, 25 (OH)2 D3 and 25 OH D3, whereas only the adult rats developed significant hyperparathyroidism. " 10/01/1997 - "We conclude that oral 1 alpha (OH)D3 pulse therapy is effective for parathyroid activity suppression in patients with severe hyperparathyroidism. " 06/01/2012 - "Older people seemingly need higher 25(OH)D levels to offset age-associated hyperparathyroidism. " 11/01/2005 - "These findings suggest that the age-associated fall of serum 25(OH)D starts earlier in women than in men and that higher levels of 25(OH)D are required in older compared to younger persons to avoid the age-associated compensatory hyperparathyroidism." 11/01/2005 - "The aims of this research were to evaluate changes of 25(OH)D and PTH levels with age in a large population-based sample of men and women and to test the hypothesis that 25(OH)D serum concentrations needed to offset age-associated hyperparathyroidism are significantly higher in older than in younger persons. "
10.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1997 - "Octreotide: effective treatment for hyperparathyroidism? " 08/01/1994 - "Octreotide may provide therapy for patients with hyperparathyroidism and for those who have undergone unsuccessful neck exploration or who are unfit for operation. " 11/27/1993 - "[Multiple type I endocrine neoplasms, effect of octreotide on hyperparathyroidism]." 05/01/1993 - "A patient with prolactinoma, resected insulinoma, hyperparathyroidism and ZES was not improved by a short course of octreotide (hypoglycemia); he died later of recurrent insulinoma. " 08/01/1994 - "This work examines the efficacy of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in the management of hyperparathyroidism. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Parathyroidectomy 06/01/2014 - "Parathyroidectomy is the most cost-effective treatment for hyperparathyroidism. " 02/01/2007 - "Subtotal or total parathyroidectomy with reimplant represents the treatment of choice in refractory hyperparathyroidism with good results in most of the series reviewed." 01/01/2016 - "Editorial: Parathyroidectomy is safe and beneficial for patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism, and should be the preferred therapy." 10/01/2006 - "Parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism is associated with significant lasting improvement in subjective symptoms. " 12/01/2004 - "Near-total parathyroidectomy is beneficial for patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism."
2.	Kidney Transplantation 10/01/2011 - "This study suggests the need for testing of other interventions used for treatment of hyperparathyroidism which may help to offer better management of MBD after kidney transplantation." 01/01/1998 - "We concluded that spontaneous resolution of hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation is uncommon. " 01/01/2015 - "The purpose of the study was to assess the results of operative treatment of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism (tHPT) after kidney transplantation. " 10/01/2013 - "In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time that persistent hyperparathyroidism is an independent risk factor for fractures after kidney transplantation." 10/01/2013 - "Only a few studies have reported the clinicopathological analysis of persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation in long-term (>10 years) dialysis patients. "
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/2015 - "This study investigated the epidemiology of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) in hemodialysis patients and analyzed the influences of hyperparathyroidism on the formation of oral tori. " 05/01/2010 - "Articles concerning only type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hemodialysis, or hyperparathyroidism and studies in children were also excluded. " 01/01/2005 - "In conclusion, our study makes clear that hyperparathyroidism is a great threat to bone density in hemodialysis patients, mainly in the legs, the site mostly affected by fragility fractures in our patients. " 01/01/1996 - "A clinical correlative study of bone densitometric changes in hemodialysis patients with hyperparathyroidism." 12/01/1994 - "In this study, 16 hemodialysis patients with mild to moderate hyperparathyroidism were assigned, after a 4-wk run-in period, to receive a 6-wk course of either thrice-weekly i.v. or p.o. "
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/2002 - "Graft-dependent recurrent hyperparathyroidism occurred in one patient after 32 months and was cured by the selective removal of five enlarged autografts. " 07/01/2009 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism among a population of kidney graft recipients. " 04/01/2008 - "The objective of the present study was to assess the frequency and pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of graft-dependent renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT) after KTX. " 08/01/1995 - "The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. " 12/01/2015 - "Posttransplant hyperparathyroidism increases the risk for all-cause mortality and graft loss, but not major cardiovascular events. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 05/01/1997 - "Therefore, our results provide no evidence for a spontaneous improvement of either persistent hyperparathyroidism or high bone turnover in normocalcemic long-term renal transplant recipients." 05/01/1997 - "No trend toward a spontaneous improvement of hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in normocalcemic long-term renal transplant recipients." 05/01/2008 - "Our study was aimed at identifying the predictors of hyperparathyroidism in renal transplant recipients. " 02/01/2015 - "Hyperparathyroidism is reported in 10% to 66% of renal transplant recipients (RTR). " 01/01/2014 - "PTH levels at 4 weeks post-transplantation might serve as a marker for the occurrence of hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism during follow-up."