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Partial Epilepsies (Epilepsy, Partial)

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Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)

Also Known As:

Epilepsy, Partial; Subclinical Seizure; Epilepsy, Focal; Partial Epilepsy; Simple Partial Seizures; Epilepsies, Partial; Amygdalo-Hippocampal Epilepsy; Benign Focal Epilepsy, Childhood; Benign Occipital Epilepsy, Childhood; Childhood Benign Focal Epilepsy; Childhood Benign Occipital Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Localization-Related; Occipital Lobe Epilepsy; Partial Seizures, Simple, Consciousness Preserved; Rhinencephalic Epilepsy; Seizure Disorder, Focal; Uncinate Seizures; Abdominal Epilepsies; Amygdalo-Hippocampal Epilepsies; Digestive Epilepsies; Disorders, Focal Seizure; Disorders, Partial Seizure; Epilepsies, Abdominal; Epilepsies, Amygdalo-Hippocampal; Epilepsies, Digestive; Epilepsies, Focal; Epilepsies, Gelastic; Epilepsies, Localization-Related; Epilepsies, Occipital Lobe; Epilepsies, Rhinencephalic; Epilepsies, Simple Partial; Epilepsy, Abdominal; Focal Epilepsies; Focal Epilepsy; Focal Seizure Disorders; Gelastic Epilepsies; Lobe Epilepsy, Occipital; Localization-Related Epilepsies; Localization-Related Epilepsy; Occipital Lobe Epilepsies; Partial Epilepsies, Simple; Partial Seizure Disorders; Partial Seizures, Simple; Rhinencephalic Epilepsies; Seizure Disorders, Focal; Seizure Disorders, Partial; Seizure, Subclinical; Seizure, Uncinate; Seizures, Simple Partial; Seizures, Subclinical; Seizures, Uncinate; Simple Partial Epilepsies; Subclinical Seizures; Abdominal Epilepsy; Digestive Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Simple Partial; Focal Seizure Disorder; Gelastic Epilepsy; Partial Seizure Disorder; Seizure Disorder, Partial

Networked: 1184 relevant articles (120 outcomes, 248 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3635
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 1026
  - Brain Diseases: 1224
    - Epilepsy: 15191
      - Partial Epilepsies: 1184
        Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: 1421
        Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: 146
        Complex Partial Epilepsy: 106
        Rolandic Epilepsy: 50
        Motor Partial Epilepsy: 15
        Sensory Partial Epilepsy: 4

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure)
2.	Epilepsy (Aura)
3.	Generalized Epilepsy
4.	Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome)
5.	Syncope (Fainting)

Experts

1.	Marson, A G: 15 articles (01/2008 - 01/2000)
2.	Hutton, J L: 9 articles (01/2002 - 01/2000)
3.	Peltola, J: 8 articles (06/2009 - 08/2001)
4.	Keränen, T: 7 articles (06/2009 - 12/2000)
5.	Devinsky, Orrin: 7 articles (04/2009 - 04/2004)
6.	Bauer, J: 7 articles (04/2009 - 09/2000)
7.	Gerstner, Thorsten: 7 articles (06/2008 - 07/2006)
8.	Chadwick, D W: 7 articles (01/2005 - 01/2000)
9.	Elger, C E: 7 articles (10/2001 - 02/2000)
10.	Chiron, Catherine: 6 articles (11/2009 - 07/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Partial Epilepsies:

1.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2007 - "(1) The first-line treatment for patients with partial epilepsy is carbamazepine monotherapy. " 02/01/2009 - "The study population of 29 children (16 male, 13 female; age range, 3-12 years) diagnosed with partial epilepsy were enrolled within 14 days of starting carbamazepine. " 01/01/1998 - "METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed localization-related epilepsy who participated in a VGB-carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy trial were included. " 04/01/1997 - "In this study, to rule out the effects of epileptogenesis and other factors, we only examined patients with partial epilepsies undergoing carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy at doses of less than 16 mg/kg/day. " 12/01/1994 - "Carbamazepine and its epoxide: an open study of efficacy and side effects after carbamazepine dose increment in refractory partial epilepsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	topiramate (Topamax)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "Topiramate has been proven to be effective in patients with refractory chronic partial epilepsies in short-term controlled clinical trials, but the long-term retention, long-term efficacy, and long-term side-effect profile have not been sufficiently investigated. " 01/01/2000 - "Topiramate has been shown to be safe and effective in refractory partial epilepsy in children. " 10/01/2004 - "(3) A dose-finding study of 48 patients with refractory partial epilepsy suggests that the efficacy of topiramate monotherapy is dose-dependent. " 06/01/1996 - "We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial in 190 patients to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three dosages of topiramate (600, 800, and 1,000 mg/day) as adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory partial epilepsy. " 01/01/2001 - "The efficacy of topiramate was demonstrated in partial epilepsy, but the other indications remain to be précised. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1999 - "Valproate, when the proper therapeutic dosage was belatedly realized, was seen as a superior treatment for generalized and partial epilepsies. " 10/04/1994 - "There seems no doubt, in reviewing the literature from controlled randomized studies, that valproate is effective in the treatment of partial epilepsy. " 01/01/2007 - "In 23% of patients with symptomatic partial epilepsy, 100% efficacy of depakine in the monotherapy was achieved. " 01/01/2003 - "The efficacy of divalproex for partial epilepsies." 01/01/1997 - "Safety and efficacy of divalproex sodium monotherapy in partial epilepsy: a double-blind, concentration-response design clinical trial. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	etiracetam (levetiracetam)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2000 - "PURPOSE: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an interesting novel antiepileptic drug with proven efficacy in both animal models and patients with partial epilepsy. " 03/01/2006 - "This open-label non-controlled study suggests an early efficacy of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy: these results appear to confirm previous indications of a rapid onset of action and seem to suggest first evaluation of the patient at the dose of 500 mg/day before increasing to the considered minimum standard dose of 1000 mg/day, as some patients could respond to the starting dose." 12/01/2002 - "Levetiracetam may be more effective for late-onset partial epilepsy." 03/01/2006 - "PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to verify whether patients with partial epilepsy receiving levetiracetam (LEV) as an add-on treatment show an improvement in cognitive function. " 06/01/2006 - "OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam in patients with uncontrolled focal epilepsy, in a common practice-based setting. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	lamotrigine (Lamictal)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND: The antiepileptic drug lamotrigine is effective in the treatment of focal epilepsies. " 05/01/1997 - "The new antiepileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG; 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of focal epilepsies with or without secondary generalization. " 10/01/2000 - "We evaluated the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in 41 children and young adults (age range, 3-25 years; mean, 12 years) with drug-resistant, partial epilepsies, based on a prospective, add-on study. " 10/01/2000 - "Add-on lamotrigine treatment in children and young adults with severe partial epilepsy: an open, prospective, long-term study." 01/01/2000 - "The aim of our study was the assessment of efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine monotherapy in children with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 09/01/2007 - "The efficacy of the new antiepileptic drugs is not superior to that of the first-generation antiepileptic drugs for patients with partial epilepsy. " 06/27/2000 - "CONCLUSION: OXC is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with partial epilepsy previously receiving treatment with other antiepileptic drugs. " 01/01/1996 - "Clinical efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs in refractory partial epilepsy: experience in the United States with three novel drugs." 01/01/2009 - "Retention rates of new antiepileptic drugs in localization-related epilepsy: a single-center study." 03/01/2005 - "Few comparative clinical trials of newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with refractory partial epilepsy are available. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1998 - "PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of high dose gabapentin (GBP) monotherapy (3,000-4,800 mg/day) in patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy. " 02/01/1996 - "Gabapentin (GBP) has been shown to be effective an add-on drug for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy. " 11/01/1993 - "Gabapentin, administered as add-on therapy, was safe and effective in this 12-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 306 patients with refractory partial epilepsy. " 11/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin at 900 or 1,800 mg/day is effective and safe as monotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy." 11/01/1998 - "To investigate the efficacy of gabapentin administered as monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy, a randomized double-blind trial was performed. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2007 - "This study prospectively examined whether continued add-on treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC) is associated with quantitative improvement in mood and anxiety symptoms in adult patients with partial epilepsy. " 01/01/2003 - "As a result, we found oxcarbazepine safe and effective in children with either generalized or partial epilepsy." 01/01/2008 - "The data on therapeutical efficacy of the new antiepileptic drug trileptal (oxcarbazepine) and results of the own observations of 38 patients with partial epilepsy who received trileptal as mono- or polytherapy are presented. " 06/27/2000 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oxcarbazepine (OXC) 2,400 mg/day versus OXC 300 mg/day monotherapy in patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy. " 07/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study described here was to investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and side effects of oxcarbazepine (OXC) monotherapy in newly diagnosed, previously untreated adult and elderly patients with partial epilepsy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	tiagabine (Gabitril)FDA Link 08/01/1999 - "Tiagabine (TGB) is effective in patients with focal epilepsies. " 03/01/1998 - "Thus, tiagabine is a new antiepileptic agent with a novel mechanism of action, which has demonstrated efficacy in the adjunctive treatment of patients with refractory partial epilepsy. " 03/01/2005 - "The aim of the current study was to review the efficacy of tiagabine (TGB) as add-on therapy in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy under normal daily clinical practice, and try to identify those who had improvement. " 01/01/1997 - "A dose-response trial that tested the efficacy of tiagabine monotherapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy was uninformative. " 07/01/2008 - "GABI-balance--a non-interventional observational study on the effectiveness of tiagabine in add-on therapy in partial epilepsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	pregabalin (Lyrica)FDA Link 05/16/2005 - "CONCLUSION: Pregabalin favourable pharmacokinetic profile, in addition to its good tolerability and remarkable efficacy make this new antiepileptic drug an attractive option for the treatment of focal epilepsies." 01/01/2009 - "DISCUSSION: Pregabalin seems to be effective and safe in partial epilepsy. " 02/08/2005 - "Safety and efficacy of two pregabalin regimens for add-on treatment of partial epilepsy." 07/01/2009 - "Pregabalin as adjunctive therapy for partial epilepsy: an audit study in 96 patients from the South East of England." 01/01/2009 - "Pregabalin as add-on therapy induces REM sleep enhancement in partial epilepsy: a polysomnographic study." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Electrodes (Electrode) 04/01/1989 - "Subdural electrodes may be effective in localizing the onset and spread of simple partial seizures, including those that arise from the medial temporal lobe." 04/23/2002 - "Remission of intractable partial epilepsy following implantation of intracranial electrodes." 10/23/2001 - "Remission of intractable partial epilepsy following implantation of intracranial electrodes." 08/01/1996 - "Intracerebral depth electrode monitoring in partial epilepsy: the morbidity and efficacy of placement using magnetic resonance image-guided stereotactic surgery." 09/15/2008 - "For this study, we included 25 patients suffering from drug refractory focal epilepsy with at least one electrode stereotactically implanted in the insular cortex using an oblique approach (transfrontal or transparietal). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: Regional hypometabolism in FDG-PET is not significantly associated with a lower likelihood of successful anticonvulsant drug therapy in patients with nonrefractory partial epilepsy. " 07/01/2004 - "In conclusion, surgical treatment of intractable partial epilepsy has been shown to compare favorably to antiepileptic drug therapy. " 01/01/1998 - "Pharmacotherapy of focal epilepsy after surgical treatment." 12/01/1996 - "Successful drug therapy for symptomatic focal epilepsy is often difficult to achieve. " 11/01/1995 - "Epilepsy surgery has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to antiepileptic drug therapy for many patients with medical refractory partial seizure disorders. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 09/28/2004 - "A retrospective review of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in 48 patients with intractable partial epilepsy was performed. " 04/12/1999 - "Acute blood flow changes and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in partial epilepsy." 10/15/2008 - "Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a currently used, adjunctive treatment for partial epilepsy and is generally well tolerated with few associated side effects. " 09/01/2004 - "Brain blood-flow alterations induced by therapeutic vagus nerve stimulation in partial epilepsy: II. prolonged effects at high and low levels of stimulation." 06/01/2004 - "[Vagus nerve stimulation and refractory partial epilepsies]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Ketogenic Diet 12/01/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: The ketogenic diet shows promise in both adult generalized and partial epilepsy. " 04/01/2009 - "METHOD: From the 70 patients who received the ketogenic diet during a 3-year period at our institution, we retrospectively selected patients with focal epilepsy. " 04/01/2009 - "The ketogenic diet improves recently worsened focal epilepsy." 09/01/2001 - "Our results suggest that some patients with intractable focal epilepsy may respond favorably to the ketogenic diet and that this option should be considered if epilepsy surgery is not possible." 04/01/2009 - "INTERPRETATION: The ketogenic diet may be a valuable therapeutic option for children with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy, particularly those with a recent deterioration of seizure control and neurological status. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Injections 03/01/1999 - "Its use results in earlier injections and less frequent postictal injections than unstabilised 99mTc-HMPAO, thereby enhancing the sensitivity and the specificity of peri-ictal SPECT for the localisation of intractable partial epilepsy." 01/01/1994 - "Intracarotid Methohexital injections are effective to determine the hemispheric lateralization of language and useful to evaluate the role of each hemisphere in memory, especially before the surgical treatment of drug-resistant focal epilepsies." 02/01/1987 - "Numerous wet dog shakes were associated with limbic seizures in the course of focal epilepsy induced by kindling stimulations or local injections of kainic or quisqualic acid and progressively disappeared during generalization. " 10/01/1984 - "Hemispheric language dominance, as determined by intracarotid amobarbital sodium injections, and handedness, as reflected by writing and drawing preference, were evaluated in a select group of patients with intractable seizures who had documented focal epilepsy originating from one temporal lobe. " 09/01/2003 - "Results of the present study may suggest that there may be no risk of negative interactions between injectable anesthetics and antiepileptics in cases of partial epilepsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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