Anencephaly (Aprosencephaly)

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328 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 20 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A malformation of the nervous system caused by failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Infants are born with intact spinal cords, cerebellums, and brainstems, but lack formation of neural structures above this level. The skull is only partially formed but the eyes are usually normal. This condition may be associated with folate deficiency. Affected infants are only capable of primitive (brain stem) reflexes and usually do not survive for more than two weeks. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p247)

Also Known As:

Aprosencephaly; Absence of Brain, Congenital; Anencephalia; Anencephalus; Congenital Absence of Brain; Hemicranial Anencephaly; Incomplete Anencephaly; Partial Anencephaly; Anencephalias; Anencephalies, Partial; Anencephaly, Hemicranial; Anencephaly, Incomplete; Anencephaly, Partial; Aprosencephalies; Brain Congenital Absence; Partial Anencephalies

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3414

Nervous System Malformations: 21

Neural Tube Defects: 2919

Anencephaly: 328

Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities: 421

Congenital Abnormalities: 9330

Monsters: 101

Anencephaly: 328

Nervous System Malformations: 21

Neural Tube Defects: 2919

Anencephaly: 328

Related Diseases

1.	Spinal Dysraphism (Spina Bifida)
2.	Neural Tube Defects (Exencephaly)
3.	Hypercholesterolemia
4.	Diaphragmatic Hernia
5.	Spina Bifida Cystica (Spina Bifida Aperta)

Experts

1.	Oakley, Godfrey P: 3 articles (08/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Bell, Karen N: 2 articles (08/2008 - 09/2006)
3.	Williams, Laura J: 2 articles (11/2007 - 07/2002)
4.	Brent, Robert L: 1 article (08/2008)
5.	FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health: 1 article (07/2008)
6.	Milliez, Jacques: 1 article (07/2008)
7.	Cragan, Janet D: 1 article (11/2007)
8.	Besser, Lilah M: 1 article (11/2007)
9.	Diniz, Debora: 1 article (08/2007)
10.	Garduño, Clemente Aguilar: 1 article (06/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Anencephaly:

1.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2007 - "The association found between maternal 677TT genotype and anencephaly and the elevated presence of the 677T allele among Mexican women of fertile age urges intensifying folic acid supplementation which has proved to modify this genetic risk in other populations." 10/01/2007 - "In Chile, fortification of wheat flour with folic acid has resulted in significant reduction in the risk of anencephaly and spina bifida" 09/01/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that folic acid fortification is associated with significant decreases in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic births" 06/01/2005 - "Within the methodological constraints of this study we conclude that the birth prevalence rates for both spina bifida and anencephaly decreased as a result of folic acid fortification, without interference of decreasing secular trends." 08/01/1999 - "Studies have demonstrated that periconceptional folic acid supplementation can prevent 50% or more of NTDs such as spina bifida and anencephaly" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 07/01/1977 - "The only abnormality of pituitary endocrine cells in anencephaly was a marked decrease of ACTH cells" 01/01/1978 - "The very low urinary oestriol excretion is well explained by the hypoplastic adrenals, which in turn can be related to insufficient ACTH stimulation, a condition similar to anencephaly" 07/01/1977 - "The reason for the decrease of ACTH cells in anencephaly was speculated to be a suppression at an early developmental life" 01/01/1989 - "A comparative study of adrenal morphology between normal fetuses and those with anencephaly or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was performed in order to examine the hypothesis that fetal adrenal mass and structure are adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-dependent throughout gestation" 07/01/1977 - "The adrenal glands of anencephalus showed atrophy of the fetal cortex which was considered to correlate with the decrease in number of ACTH cells" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)IBA 12/01/1987 - "The rate of uptake, degradation, and the maximal binding of low-density lipoprotein was similar in skin fibroblasts of infants with anencephaly and normal subjects" 12/01/1987 - "We compared the binding and metabolism of low-density lipoprotein by skin fibroblasts of fetuses with anencephaly and normal subjects" 12/01/1987 - "The binding and metabolism of low-density lipoprotein by skin fibroblasts of fetuses and newborns with anencephaly." 12/01/1987 - "Since the control of production and clearance of plasma lipoproteins in utero is largely unknown, we sought to evaluate the effects of glucocorticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment of developing fetuses and of chronic intrauterine hypercholesterolemia, due to fetal anencephaly, on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), the major apoprotein of high density lipoproteins (HDL)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Apolipoprotein A-I (Apolipoprotein A1)IBA 12/01/1987 - "The effects of dexamethasone and anencephaly on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1." 12/01/1987 - "Since the control of production and clearance of plasma lipoproteins in utero is largely unknown, we sought to evaluate the effects of glucocorticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment of developing fetuses and of chronic intrauterine hypercholesterolemia, due to fetal anencephaly, on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), the major apoprotein of high density lipoproteins (HDL)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	HDL LipoproteinsIBA 12/01/1987 - "Since the control of production and clearance of plasma lipoproteins in utero is largely unknown, we sought to evaluate the effects of glucocorticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment of developing fetuses and of chronic intrauterine hypercholesterolemia, due to fetal anencephaly, on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), the major apoprotein of high density lipoproteins (HDL)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1987 - "The effects of dexamethasone and anencephaly on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1." 12/01/1987 - "Since the control of production and clearance of plasma lipoproteins in utero is largely unknown, we sought to evaluate the effects of glucocorticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment of developing fetuses and of chronic intrauterine hypercholesterolemia, due to fetal anencephaly, on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), the major apoprotein of high density lipoproteins (HDL)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	ApoproteinsIBA 12/01/1987 - "Since the control of production and clearance of plasma lipoproteins in utero is largely unknown, we sought to evaluate the effects of glucocorticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment of developing fetuses and of chronic intrauterine hypercholesterolemia, due to fetal anencephaly, on newborn serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), the major apoprotein of high density lipoproteins (HDL)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 01/01/1980 - "During this study we found a case of anencephaly in which the level of maternal AFP was significantly higher than the limits we had worked out." 01/01/2006 - "All cases of anencephaly had increased AFP levels" 05/01/1995 - "Ultrasound screening for anencephaly achieved 100% sensitivity even in low risk pregnancies, compared with 92% for serum alpha-fetoprotein" 01/01/1987 - "In six cases of anencephaly, sections from the margin of the cranial end of defective spinal cords at the aperture of the open lesion were also studied for AFP and GFAP" 11/01/1984 - "Ultrasonography in an 18 week pregnancy selected for detailed scanning because of a single elevated maternal serum AFP result suggested the presence of anencephaly" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	VitaminsIBA 08/01/1996 - "The effectiveness of informed consent in the widespread community education was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial, using periconceptional vitamin supplement to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly in Mancheng County, Hebei Province" 01/01/1991 - "This pattern suggests that studies of effects of periconceptional vitamin treatment on risk of human neural tube defects should consider anencephaly and spina bifida separately" 05/15/2001 - "They compared data on 1,242 infants with NTDs (spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele) with data from a control group of 6,660 infants with malformations not related to vitamin supplementation" 09/01/1996 - "After adjusting for maternal age, education, smoking status, alcohol use, chronic illness, and vitamin use, we found that, compared with average-weight women, obese women (pregravid body mass index greater than 29) had almost twice the risk of having an infant with spina bifida or anencephaly (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence limits = 1.1, 3.4)" 01/01/2005 - "RESULTS: After adjusting for maternal ethnicity, age, education, smoking, alcohol use, and periconceptional vitamin use, obese women had substantially increased risks of delivering offspring with anencephaly (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval=1.2-4.3), spina bifida (2.8; 1.7-4.5), or isolated hydrocephaly (2.7; 1.5-5.0), but not holoprosencephaly (1.4; 0.5-3.8)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Estriol (Epiestriol)IBA 01/23/1998 - "The combination of abnormally elevated MSAFP and low estriol is highly predictive of NTD in particular anencephaly." 05/01/1979 - "Anencephaly and twins: prenatal ultrasound and estriol." 01/23/1998 - "Combination of elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and low estriol is highly predictive of anencephaly." 09/01/1979 - "A case of anencephaly is reported which was diagnosed at 32 weeks gestation by ultra-sound despite a family history: AFP, HPL and estriol were normal and the case was referred late" 02/01/1980 - "If anencephaly can be diagnosed in X-ray and ultrasonic scan, with below normal estriol values and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels, the indications for a eugenic abortion are fulfilled if the mother gives her informed consent." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 04/01/1996 - "The results of this study suggest that, being the anencephaly the most commonly indications for the abortion, would be important to help the women bearers of anencephalic fetuses to consent taking the organs, using them for transplantations on children that necessitate them." 03/01/1991 - "In the USA an organization was established--The Medical Task Force on Anencephaly--for the purpose of offering guidelines on the ethical issues relating to anencephaly, especially in regard to the use of fetal organs in transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 07/01/1990 - "Transplantation of organs from newborns with anencephaly." 04/01/1990 - "Transplantation of organs from newborns with anencephaly" 10/01/1988 - "Several elements of anencephaly are discussed: problems of diagnosis, its declining prevalence and the effect of prenatal screening and subsequent abortion, the extent of neurological functioning and consciousness of anencephalic infants, their life span and cause of death, and the utility of organs for transplantation" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Induced Labor 06/01/1968 - "The value of the study of anencephalia in the problem of induced labor]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Prenatal Care 01/01/1996 - "Having a Hispanic mother was a risk factor for anencephaly among infants born to women with early prenatal care (odds ratio (OR) = 4.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.21-9.40) but not for those born to latecomers" 01/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: Considering the clear correlation between anencephaly and pregnancy complications, precise prenatal care, early diagnosis and treatment are strongly indicated in order to avoid serious maternal complications." 12/01/1991 - "While 32% of primiparous women aged 18 booked for prenatal care at 21 weeks or more, there was no increase in anencephaly or spina bifida, which would have been detected by prenatal screening" 05/01/2006 - "Mothers of 157 cases of anencephaly and 151 controls born during the period March 2000 to February 2001, were interviewed about their reproductive history and other additional factors, including socio-economic characteristics, prenatal care, use of tobacco and alcohol, presence of chronic diseases, acute illnesses and fever during the periconceptional period, and consumption of multivitamins and medicines during this period; mothers who reported no prior pregnancies were excluded from the analysis; 58 matched case-control pairs were used for the analysis" 01/01/2005 - "Mothers of 151 cases of infants born with anencephaly and mothers of 151 control infants born during the period March 2000 to February 2001 were interviewed about their socioeconomic characteristics and other factors including reproductive history, use of prenatal care, use of tobacco and alcohol, fever during pregnancy, and folic acid supplementation" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Induced Abortion (Induced Abortions) 01/01/1993 - "Anencephaly was diagnosed, followed by prostaglandin induced abortion and fetotomy" 05/01/1983 - "Diagnosed anencephaly accounted for two out of the three valid third-trimester induced abortions performed." 07/01/1997 - "Anencephaly associated with uterine rupture during induced abortion" 03/01/1991 - "Terminations were performed 1984-86 in at least 80% of total cases of anencephaly in 6/11 centres registering induced abortions, and in at least 40% of total cases of spina bifida in four centres" 01/01/1979 - "High concentration (400, 200, 140 micrograms/ml) were found in 3 cases; they were due to anencephaly (selective induced abortion), severe spina bifida (liveborn) and macerated fetal death" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Organ Transplantation 07/01/2008 - "Anencephaly and organ transplantation." 07/01/2000 - "Finally, the ethical aspects of these findings, as they relate to anencephaly and organ transplantation, are discussed." 01/01/1993 - "Anencephaly--organ transplantation?" 10/01/1991 - "The ethical issues concerning the use of fetal tissue as a source for organ transplantation has focused interest on anencephaly" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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