Primary extranodal
malignant lymphomas are most often localized in the stomach. In contrast to gastric
carcinomas, primary gastric non-Hodgkin's
lymphomas show an increasing incidence. According to their grade of
malignancy they are divided into low-grade and high-grade non-Hodgkin's
lymphomas and according to their immunophenotype into B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin's
lymphomas. In most cases they show a B-cell phenotype while high-grade
tumors are more frequent than those of low-grade
malignancy. However, primary gastric
Hodgkin's disease is still a rarity. A new entity, the so-called low-grade B-cell
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, is characterized by a diffuse infiltrate of centrocyte-like cells intermingled with immunoblasts of the same clone, plasma cell differentiation of the
tumor cells, lymphoepithelial lesions, and reactive intratumoral lymphoid follicles. It may secondarily transform into a high-grade
B-cell lymphoma but remains limited to the stomach for a considerable period of time with a favourable prognosis. The most important prognostic factors of primary gastric
lymphomas are stage at initial diagnosis, classification and grading according to the histopathological concept of the MALT, and depth of infiltration. Although a considerable number of early stage gastric
lymphomas achieve complete remission after surgical
therapy only, primary treatment of
gastric lymphoma is still controverted, thus underlining the urgency of a multicenter prospective study. Chronic Helicobacter pylori
infection may play a major role in the pathogenesis of low-grade
B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. Complete remission of some cases of low-grade
B-cell lymphoma of MALT type with concomitant Helicobacter pylori
gastritis after Helicobacter pylori eradication may lead to a new pathogenetic, therapeutic, and prognostic concept.