Cystamine inhibits HIV type 1 replication in cells of monocyte/macrophage and T cell lineages.

Abstract

The effects of cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol, MEA) and its disulfide, cystamine, on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) expression in chronically infected promonocytic cells (U1), T cell line (ACH-2), and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were investigated. U1 and ACH-2 cells constitutively express low levels of virus, which is increased by the addition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and other inducers. Cystamine, in noncytotoxic doses, suppressed in a concentration-dependent fashion the induction of HIV-1 expression mediated by TNF-alpha, IL-6, GM-CSF, and monokine-enriched monocyte culture supernatants in both U1 and ACH-2 cells as determined by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Similarly, HIV-1 expression was substantially reduced in the cystamine-treated primary MDM cultures compared with the untreated control cultures. The addition of cystamine into HIV-1 chronically infected MDM (12 days after infection was established) also suppressed 80-90% of RT activity in comparison to the untreated controls. HIV-1 (Bal) infected MDM cultures (without cystamine treatment) demonstrated giant syncytium formation, whereas cystamine-treated cultures lacked the giant syncytia induced by HIV-1 infection. Cystamine also inhibited LPS-induced TNF production in MDM. In contrast to cystamine, cysteamine showed no significant effects on either the monokine-induced HIV-1 expression in U1 or ACH-2 or acute and chronic HIV-1 infection in MDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• Authors: W Z Ho, X H Zhu, L Song, H R Lee, J R Cutilli, S D Douglas
• Journal: AIDS research and human retroviruses (AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses) Vol. 11 Issue 4 Pg. 451-9 (Apr 1995) ISSN: 0889-2229 [Print] United States
• PMID: 7632461 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents
• Interleukin-6
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Cysteamine
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
• Cystamine

Topics

• Antiviral Agents (pharmacology)
• Cell Line
• Cells, Cultured
• Cystamine (pharmacology)
• Cysteamine (pharmacology)
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (pharmacology)
• HIV-1 (drug effects, physiology)
• Humans
• Interleukin-6 (pharmacology)
• Lipopolysaccharides (pharmacology)
• Macrophages (drug effects, virology)
• Monocytes (drug effects, virology)
• T-Lymphocytes (drug effects, virology)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (biosynthesis, pharmacology)
• Virus Replication (drug effects)