Oral administration of procyanidin B2 3,3"-di-O-gallate ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through immunosuppressive effects on CD4+ T cells by regulating glycolysis.

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by the excessive activation of T cells. Procyanidins are polyphenols that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) gallate [specifically, PCB2 3,3″-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG)] inhibits cytokine production in T cells by suppressing the acceleration of glycolysis. In this study, we determined the effect of PCB2DG on T cell-mediated autoimmune disease in vivo. We examined the immunosuppressive effects of PCB2DG using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, which is a classic animal model for MS. Our results indicated that the clinical score for EAE symptoms improved significantly following the oral administration of PCB2DG. This effect was associated with the suppression of T cell-mediated cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17) and infiltrating T cells into the spinal cord, which ameliorated spinal cord injury. In addition, spleen cell culture experiments revealed that the increase of T cell-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines in EAE mice was significantly decreased following PCB2DG treatment. We further analyzed the glycolytic activity of spleen cells to identify the mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of PCB2DG. The production of lactate and the expression of glycolytic enzymes and transporters were increased following EAE induction, but not in PCB2DG-treated EAE mice. Collectively, our results indicate that a dietary polyphenol, which has a unique structure, improves the onset of EAE symptoms and inhibits the excessive activation of T cells by influencing glycolysis.

• Authors: Katsunori Endo, Toko Sawa, Yuna Tanaka, Takeru Saiki, Hazuki Haga, Lana Rizeq, Haruka Aso, Momoka Isono, Fumie Niitsuma, Akihiro Masaki, Hidefumi Makabe, Sachi Tanaka
• Journal: European journal of pharmacology (Eur J Pharmacol) Vol. 954 Pg. 175879 (Sep 05 2023) ISSN: 1879-0712 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 37406847 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• procyanidin B2
• Proanthocyanidins
• Cytokines

Topics

• Animals
• Mice
• Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental (drug therapy)
• T-Lymphocytes
• Proanthocyanidins (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Multiple Sclerosis (drug therapy)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
• Glycolysis
• Administration, Oral
• Mice, Inbred C57BL