Multiplex Detection of Antibody Landscapes to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/Influenza/Common Human Coronaviruses Following Vaccination or Infection With SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses continue to co-circulate, representing 2 major public health threats from respiratory infections with similar clinical presentations. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines can also now be co-administered. However, data on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection and vaccine co-administration remain limited.

METHODS:

We developed a 41-plex antibody immunity assay that can simultaneously characterize antibody landscapes to SARS-CoV-2/influenza/common human coronaviruses. We analyzed sera from 840 individuals (11-93 years), including sera from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive (n = 218) and -negative (n = 120) cases, paired sera from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (n = 29) and infection (n = 11), and paired sera from influenza vaccination (n = 56) and RT-PCR-confirmed influenza infection (n = 158) cases. Last, we analyzed sera collected from 377 individuals who exhibited acute respiratory illness (ARI) in 2020.

RESULTS:

This 41-plex assay has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. It differentiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (antibody responses only to spike protein) from infection (antibody responses to both spike and nucleoprotein). No cross-reactive antibodies were induced to SARS-CoV-2 from influenza vaccination and infection, and vice versa, suggesting no interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza antibody responses. However, cross-reactive antibodies were detected between spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and common human coronaviruses that were removed by serum adsorption. Among 377 individuals who exhibited ARI in 2020, 129 were influenza positive; none had serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfections.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multiplex detection of antibody landscapes can provide in-depth analysis of the antibody protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of other respiratory viruses, including influenza.

• Authors: Zhu Nan Li, Feng Liu, Stacie Jefferson, Lauren Horner, Paul Carney, Michael D L Johnson, Jennifer P King, Emily T Martin, Richard K Zimmerman, Karen Wernli, Manjusha Gaglani, Mark Thompson, Brendan Flannery, James Stevens, Terrence Tumpey, Min Z Levine
• Journal: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Clin Infect Dis) Vol. 75 Issue Suppl 2 Pg. S271-S284 (10 03 2022) ISSN: 1537-6591 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35684961 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022.

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Viral
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Influenza Vaccines
• Nucleoproteins
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Topics

• Antibodies, Viral
• COVID-19 (diagnosis)
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Coinfection
• Humans
• Influenza Vaccines
• Influenza, Human (diagnosis, prevention & control)
• Nucleoproteins
• SARS-CoV-2
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• Vaccination