NAD+ and Vascular Dysfunction: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities.

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential and pleiotropic coenzyme involved not only in cellular energy metabolism, but also in cell signaling, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational protein modifications. Vascular disease risk factors are associated with aberrant NAD+ metabolism. Conversely, the therapeutic increase of NAD+ levels through the administration of NAD+ precursors or inhibitors of NAD+-consuming enzymes reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular pathologies. As such, NAD+ has emerged as a potential target for combatting age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. This review discusses NAD+-regulated mechanisms critical for vascular health and summarizes new advances in NAD+ research directly related to vascular aging and disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and aortic aneurysms. Finally, we enumerate challenges and opportunities for NAD+ repletion therapy while anticipating the future of this exciting research field, which will have a major impact on vascular medicine.

• Authors: Mahmoud Abdellatif, Heiko Bugger, Guido Kroemer, Simon Sedej
• Journal: Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis (J Lipid Atheroscler) Vol. 11 Issue 2 Pg. 111-132 (May 2022) ISSN: 2287-2892 [Print] Korea (South)
• PMID: 35656147 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.