Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2018-2020.

Abstract

Global analysis of the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) and the polymerase acidic (PA) inhibitor (PAI) baloxavir was conducted by five World Health Organization Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza during two periods (May 2018-May 2019 and May 2019-May 2020). Combined phenotypic and NA sequence-based analysis revealed that the global frequency of viruses displaying reduced or highly reduced inhibition (RI or HRI) or potential to show RI/HRI by NAIs remained low, 0.5% (165/35045) and 0.6% (159/26010) for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 periods, respectively. The most common amino acid substitution was NA-H275Y (N1 numbering) conferring HRI by oseltamivir and peramivir in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Combined phenotypic and PA sequence-based analysis showed that the global frequency of viruses showing reduced susceptibility to baloxavir or carrying substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility was low, 0.5% (72/15906) and 0.1% (18/15692) for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 periods, respectively. Most (n = 61) of these viruses had I38→T/F/M/S/L/V PA amino acid substitutions. In Japan, where baloxavir use was highest, the rate was 4.5% (41/919) in the 2018-2019 period and most of the viruses (n = 32) had PA-I38T. Zoonotic viruses isolated from humans (n = 32) in different countries did not contain substitutions in NA associated with NAI RI/HRI phenotypes. One A(H5N6) virus had a dual substitution PA-I38V + PA-E199G, which may reduce susceptibility to baloxavir. Therefore, NAIs and baloxavir remain appropriate choices for the treatment of influenza virus infections, but close monitoring of antiviral susceptibility is warranted.

• Authors: Elena A Govorkova, Emi Takashita, Rod S Daniels, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Lance D Presser, Mira C Patel, Weijuan Huang, Angie Lackenby, Ha T Nguyen, Dmitriy Pereyaslov, Aine Rattigan, Sook Kwan Brown, Magdi Samaan, Kanta Subbarao, Sun Wong, Dayan Wang, Richard J Webby, Hui-Ling Yen, Wenqing Zhang, Adam Meijer, Larisa V Gubareva
• Journal: Antiviral research (Antiviral Res) Vol. 200 Pg. 105281 (04 2022) ISSN: 1872-9096 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 35292289 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents
• Dibenzothiepins
• Enzyme Inhibitors
• Morpholines
• Pyridones
• Triazines
• Oseltamivir
• baloxavir
• Endonucleases
• Neuraminidase

Topics

• Amino Acid Substitution
• Antiviral Agents (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Dibenzothiepins
• Drug Resistance, Viral (genetics)
• Endonucleases (genetics)
• Enzyme Inhibitors (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (genetics)
• Influenza B virus
• Influenza, Human
• Morpholines
• Neuraminidase (genetics, therapeutic use)
• Oseltamivir (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Pyridones
• Triazines