The pathogenesis of
sepsis-induced
acute lung injury (ALI)/
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has not yet been fully elucidated. Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) has marked effects on hemostasis and reduces
inflammation through its interaction with
receptor tyrosine kinases of the TAM family: Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. Here, we found that plasma concentrations of Gas6 and soluble Mer were greater in patients with
severe sepsis or septic ALI/ARDS compared with those in normal healthy donors. To determine whether the Gas6-Mer axis was critical in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, we investigated the effects of
intravenous administration of the selective Mer inhibitor
UNC2250 on
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mouse models subjected to inhalation of LPS.
UNC2250 markedly inhibited the infiltration into the lungs of neutrophils and monocytes with increased amounts of Gas6 and Mer
proteins, severe lung damage, and increased amounts of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced ALI in mice. In human pulmonary aortic endothelial cells, LPS induced decreases in the amounts of
endothelial nitric oxide synthase,
thrombomodulin, and
vascular endothelial-cadherin, which was blocked by treatment with
UNC2250.
UNC2250 also inhibited the LPS-dependent increases in cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, a human neutrophil-like cell line, and RAW264.7 cells, a mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line. These data provide insights into the potential multiple beneficial effects of the Mer inhibitor
UNC2250 as a therapeutic
reagent to treat inflammatory responses in ALI/ARDS.