Ginsenoside Rg_1, one of the main active components of precious
traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, has the anti-oxidative stress, anti-
inflammation, anti-aging, neuroprotection, and other pharmacological effects.
Diabetic retinopathy(DR), the most common complication of diabetes, is also the main cause of impaired vision and
blindness in the middle-aged and the elderly. The latest research shows that
ginsenoside Rg_1 can protect patients against DR, but the protection and the mechanism are rarely studied. This study mainly explored the protective effect of
ginsenoside Rg_1 against DR in type 2 diabetic mice and the mechanism. High fat diet(HFD) and
streptozotocin(STZ) were used to induce
type 2 diabetes in mice, and
hematoxylin-
eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe pathological changes in the retina of mice. The immunohistochemistry was applied to study the localization and expression of
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3(NLRP3) and
vascular endothelial growth factor(
VEGF) in retina, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of
nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β(IL-1β),
transient receptor potential channel protein 6(
TRPC6), nuclear factor of activated T-cell 2(NFAT2), and
VEGF in retina. The results showed that
ginsenoside Rg_1 significantly alleviated the pathological injury of retina in type 2 diabetic mice. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that
ginsenoside Rg_1 significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 and
VEGF in retinal ganglion cells, middle plexiform layer, and outer plexiform layer in type 2 diabetic mice. According to the Western blot results,
ginsenoside Rg_1 significantly lowered the expression of p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β,
TRPC6, NFAT2, and
VEGF in retina of type 2 diabetic mice. These findings suggest that
ginsenoside Rg_1 can significantly alleviate DR in type 2 diabetic mice, which may be related to inhibition of NLRP3
inflammasome and
VEGF. This study provides experimental evidence for the clinical application of
ginsenoside Rg_1 in the treatment of DR.