Moderate Physical Exercise Activates ATR2 Receptors, Improving Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Duodenum of 2K1C Hypertensive Rats.

Abstract

Background: In addition to the cardiovascular and renal systems, the gastrointestinal tract also contains angiotensin ATR1a, ATR1b, and ATR2. We previously observed that the 2Kidney-1Clip hypertension model elicits physical exercise and gastrointestinal dysmotility, which is prevented by renin-angiotensin system blockers. Here, we investigate the effect of physical exercise on inflammation, stress biomarkers, and angiotensin II receptors in the duodenum of 2K1C rats. Methods: Arterial hypertension was induced by the 2K1C surgical model. The rats were allocated in Sham, 2K1C, or 2K1C+Exercise groups. One week after surgery, they were submitted to a physical exercise protocol (running 5x/week, 60min/day). Next, we assessed their intestinal contractility, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), oxidative stress levels (MPO, GSH, MDA, and SOD), and the gene expression of angiotensin receptors (ATR1A, ATR1B, and ATR2). Results: In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C arterial hypertension decreased (p<0.05) the intestinal contractility. In comparison with 2K1C, the 2K1C+Exercise group exhibited lower (p<0.05) MPO activity (22.04±5.90 vs. 78.95±18.09 UMPO/mg tissue) and higher (p<0.05) GSH concentrations in intestinal tissues (67.63±7.85 vs. 31.85±5.90mg NPSH/mg tissue). The 2K1C+Exercise group showed lower (p<0.05) cytokine levels in the intestine than 2K1C rats. In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C+Exercise rats showed higher (p<0.05) gene expression of ATR2 in the duodenum. Conclusion: 2K-1C hypertension elicits an oxidative stress and inflammation process in the duodenum. Physical exercise modulates the expression twice as much of ATR2 receptors, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects induced by exercise.

• Authors: Alda Cássia Alves da Silva, Juliana Soares Severo, Brenda Lois Barros Dos Santos, Pedro Henrique Moraes Mendes, Lívia Maria Soares Nobre, Ana Patrícia de Oliveira, Francisco Cleber Silva Ferreira, Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros, Roberto Cesar Lima-Junior, Alexandre Havt, Raimundo Campos Palheta-Junior, Armênio Aguiar Dos Santos, Moisés Tolentino
• Journal: Frontiers in physiology (Front Physiol) Vol. 12 Pg. 734038 ( 2021) ISSN: 1664-042X [Print] Switzerland
• PMID: 34777003 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 da Silva, Severo, dos Santos, Mendes, Nobre, de Oliveira, Ferreira, Medeiros, Lima-Junior, Havt, Palheta-Junior, dos Santos and Tolentino.