(1) Background: The use of
antibiotics affects the composition of gut microbiota. Studies have suggested that the colonization of gut microbiota in early life is related to later
food allergies. Still, the relationship between altered intestinal microbiota in adulthood and
food allergies is unclear. (2) Methods: We established three mouse models to analyze gut microbiota
dysbiosis' impact on the intestinal barrier and determine whether this effect can increase the susceptibility to and severity of
food allergy in later life. (3) Results: The
antibiotic-induced gut microbiota
dysbiosis significantly reduced Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, and increased Enterococcaceae and Clostridiales. At the same time, the metabolic abundance was changed, including decreased
short-chain fatty acids and
tryptophan, as well as enhanced
purine. This change is related to
food allergies. After gut microbiota
dysbiosis, we sensitized the mice. The content of specific
IgE and
IgG1 in mice serum was significantly increased, and the inflammatory response was enhanced. The
dysbiosis of gut microbiota caused the sensitized mice to have more severe allergic symptoms, ruptured intestinal villi, and a decrease in
tight junction proteins (TJs) when re-exposed to the
allergen. (4) Conclusions:
Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota
dysbiosis increases the susceptibility and severity of
food allergies. This event may be due to the increased intestinal permeability caused by decreased intestinal
tight junction proteins and the increased inflammatory response.