Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and macroalbuminuria: a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase III study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Esaxerenone has potential renoprotective effects and reduces the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in patients with diabetic kidney disease and overt nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and macroalbuminuria (UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine).

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase III study in 56 patients with T2D and UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and treated with a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor. Patients received esaxerenone for 28 weeks at 1.25 mg/day initially with titration to 2.5 mg/day based on serum potassium (K+) monitoring. Efficacy was evaluated as the change in UACR from baseline to week 28. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs), incidence of serum K+ increase, and change in eGFR from baseline.

RESULTS:

UACR decreased by 54.6% (95% CI 46.9%, 61.3%) on average from baseline (544.1 mg/g creatinine) to the end of treatment (246.8 mg/g creatinine); 51.8% of patients showed improvement to early nephropathy. AE incidence was 69.6%. Three patients (5.4%) had serum K+ levels ≥ 6.0 mEq/L or ≥ 5.5 mEq/L on two consecutive occasions. Hyperkalemia in two patients was transient and resolved during the treatment period. One patient discontinued following two consecutive serum K+ values ≥ 5.5 mEq/L. The maximum change from baseline in eGFR was - 8.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 at week 24.

CONCLUSIONS:

Esaxerenone reduced UACR in Japanese patients with T2D and UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine; more than half experienced a transition from UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine to UACR < 300 mg/g creatinine.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

JapicCTI-173696.

• Authors: Sadayoshi Ito, Naoki Kashihara, Kenichi Shikata, Masaomi Nangaku, Takashi Wada, Yasuyuki Okuda, Tomoko Sawanobori
• Journal: Clinical and experimental nephrology (Clin Exp Nephrol) Vol. 25 Issue 10 Pg. 1070-1078 (Oct 2021) ISSN: 1437-7799 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 34110524 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase III, Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
• Copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).

Chemical References

• Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
• Pyrroles
• Sulfones
• Creatinine
• esaxerenone

Topics

• Aged
• Albuminuria (drug therapy, etiology, urine)
• Creatinine (urine)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications)
• Diabetic Nephropathies (complications, drug therapy, urine)
• Female
• Glomerular Filtration Rate
• Humans
• Hyperkalemia (chemically induced)
• Japan
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Pyrroles (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Sulfones (adverse effects, therapeutic use)