We searched four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We assessed the
cough frequency, severity, total Leicester
cough questionnaire (LCQ) score, and adverse events. We analyzed the data using Open Meta-Analyst and Review Manager Software.
RESULTS: We included four unique studies (comprising five stand-alone RCTs) with 439 patients. Compared to placebo,
gefapixant had positive anti-tussive effects by improving awake
cough frequency (mean difference [MD] = -5.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-6.12, -4.42], P < 0.00001), night
cough frequency (MD = -3.71, 95% CI [-6.57, -0.85], P = 0. 01), 24 h
cough frequency (MD = -4.18, 95% CI [-5.01, -3.36], P < 0.00001),
cough severity using the Visual Analog Scale (MD = -13.36, 95% CI [-17.80, -8.92], P < 0.00001),
cough severity diary (MD = -0.88, 95% CI [-1.25, -0.51], P < 0.00001), and total LCQ score (MD = 2.00, 95% CI [1.15, 2.86], P = 0. 00001). Meta-regression analyses showed a positive correlation between the
gefapixant dose and the incidence of any adverse event (relative risk [RR] = 0.239, 95% CI [0.093, 1.839], P = 0.001) and incidence of adverse event related to treatment (RR = 0.520, 95% CI [0.117, 0.922], P = 0.011).
CONCLUSIONS: In patient with
chronic cough,
gefapixant exhibits favorable anti-tussive outcomes by improving the
cough frequency, severity, and quality of life. While
gefapixant is largely tolerable, its side effects (notably taste alteration) are dose dependent.