Cough

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5060 relevant articles (414 outcomes, 607 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Also Known As:

Coughs

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Respiratory Tract Diseases: 377

Respiration Disorders: 11

Cough: 5060

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Signs and Symptoms

Respiratory Signs and Symptoms: 1

Cough: 5060

Related Diseases

1.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
2.	Respiratory Sounds (Crackle)
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Fever (Fevers)

Experts

1.	Fujimura, Masaki: 12 articles (05/2008 - 06/2002)
2.	Brozmanova, M: 10 articles (11/2007 - 01/2004)
3.	Tatar, M: 10 articles (11/2007 - 01/2004)
4.	Plevkova, J: 9 articles (11/2007 - 09/2004)
5.	Chung, K F: 6 articles (01/2009 - 03/2005)
6.	Dicpinigaitis, Peter V: 6 articles (01/2006 - 06/2002)
7.	Fujimura, M: 6 articles (03/2005 - 02/2000)
8.	Kamei, Junzo: 5 articles (01/2008 - 12/2005)
9.	Millqvist, Eva: 5 articles (01/2008 - 10/2002)
10.	Plank, L: 5 articles (11/2007 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cough:

1.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2009 - "With the increasing use of sedation, including opiates that possess central cough suppressant effects, and the potential for serious clinical toxicity, the need for evidence regarding the efficacy of topical lidocaine is important. " 05/01/2001 - "In these selected patients, nebulized lidocaine was very effective in suppressing cough, and thus buying time for more definitive therapies to work. " 05/01/1994 - "A 52-year-old man with intractable cough refractory to standard therapy was treated successfully with chronic nebulized lidocaine. " 12/01/2004 - "IV lidocaine is effective in suppressing the cough reflex of tracheal intubation, extubation, bronchography, bronchoscopy, and laryngoscopy. " 06/01/1990 - "The apnoeic reflex was not eliminated at plasma lignocaine concentrations greater than 7.0 micrograms ml-1, whereas the expiration reflex, cough reflex and spasmodic panting were eliminated effectively by plasma concentrations of lignocaine greater than 3.5, 2.8 and 2.2 micrograms ml-1, respectively." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Capsaicin (Zostrix)IBA 01/01/2007 - "CONCLUSION: A novel pyridazinylpiperazine analog TPRV-1 inhibitor can inhibit the cough reflex, induced by both low pH and capsaicin, suggesting that it could be clinically beneficial in treatment of cough." 01/01/2007 - "The capsaicin concentration threshold for eliciting a cough was significantly greater, 39.3 microM (+/-5.6 SEM). " 01/01/2006 - "Compared with tidal breathing, inhalation of capsaicin with the dosimeter method caused a significantly greater number of coughs and respiratory symptoms in both patients and controls. " 10/19/2005 - "There was a significant improvement in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire symptom scores from 80.8 points (SD 13.2) to 95.1 (SD 17) (p = 0.02) and in a 6-point scale of cough scores, but there was no change in capsaicin cough response. " 06/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: Suplatast improved the cough scores and the cough threshold for capsaicin in patients with CVA without significant side effects, suggesting the effectiveness of suplatast in the treatment of CVA. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Codeine (Codeine Phosphate)FDA LinkGeneric 02/10/2005 - "The results showed significant reduction of cough number obtained in the presence of both concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts and codeine (p<0.001 for extracts and p<0.01 for codeine). " 02/01/2007 - "The opioid codeine has been a mainstay in the treatment of cough for decades and this drug is widely regarded as the 'gold standard' cough suppressant. " 01/01/2008 - "Thus, the discovery of a novel and effective antitussive drug with an improved side effect profile relative to codeine would fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of cough. " 10/01/1997 - "Firstly, to study the antitussive efficacy of codeine in cough associated with URTI and, secondly, to validate a sound meter as tool for quantifying cough. " 02/01/2007 - "Codeine and cough: an ineffective gold standard." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Dextromethorphan (Levomethorphan)FDA LinkGeneric 02/15/2007 - "Dextromethorphan may be beneficial in adults with cough, but its effectiveness has not been demonstrated in children and adolescents. " 10/01/2001 - "It demonstrated significantly greater overall reductions in cough bouts, cough components, and cough effort, and an increase in cough latency for patients treated with dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 30 mg, vs those treated with placebo. " 04/01/2006 - "The articles cited will review the efficacy of over-the-counter cough medicines, the emerging trend of abuse of certain preparations such as dextromethorphan, and specific cases of morbidity and even mortality. " 05/01/2008 - "Assessment of antitussive efficacy of dextromethorphan in smoking related cough: objective vs. subjective measures." 09/01/2004 - "BACKGROUND: The efficacy of dextromethorphan (DM) for treating acute cough is uncertain, and its use is not supported by the American Academy of Pediatrics. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 05/01/2005 - "Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids is associated with a short-term improvement in cough and reduced sputum eosinophil count but the long-term outcome is uncertain. " 01/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in non-specific cough in children over the age of two years. " 01/01/2008 - "The cough usually responds well to inhaled corticosteroids but dose and duration of treatment remain unclear. " 11/01/2007 - "Due to its antiinflammatory properties, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may be a rational therapeutic approach to reduce cough symptoms. " 06/01/2007 - "However, little is known about their roles in predicting response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in patients with chronic nonproductive cough. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Antitussive Agents (Antitussives)IBA 06/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Like other over the counter antitussives, SO did not result in marked improvement in cough symptoms." 07/01/2001 - "DISCUSSION: This method offers many distinct advantages to evaluate efficacy of antitussive drugs including the fact that no surgery is required, it takes only 15-20 min to complete an experiment, and it can be used to simultaneously profile antitussive and side effect liabilities of drugs developed for the treatment of cough." 06/01/2008 - "[Lower airway nervous system as a putative target of antitussive drugs effective for treatment of chronic cough]" 09/01/1992 - "The device may be useful in the study into the efficacy of new antitussive drugs and the assessment of cough clearance. " 04/01/2009 - "Coupled with advances in understanding the biology of cough, this has created an opportunity for the development of novel, improved antitussives. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2009 - "We evaluated the efficacy of inhaled budesonide for decreased specific airway conductance (sGaw) as an indication of bronchial obstruction in very young children with recurrent cough and/or wheeze. " 01/01/2009 - "In the short term group (ICS for less then 6 months duration), adults on huge doses of ICS (2g per day of budesonide equivalent) had significantly improved forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), Quality of life (QOL) score and sputum volume but no significant difference in peak flow, exacerbations, cough or wheeze, when compared to adults in the control arm (no ICS). " 06/01/1997 - "We detected a significant improvement in the scores of the cough and nasal discharge at the end of second week in the budesonide group when compared with placebo (P < .05). " 09/01/1993 - "Cough scores improved significantly with budesonide: nocturnal and daytime cough scores (0-2) fell by a mean (SEM) of 0.4 (0.2) and 0.5 (0.2); while with placebo the nocturnal score increased by 0.1 (0.2) and daytime score was unchanged at 0.0 (0.2). " 11/01/1986 - "There was a small but statistically significant reduction in the daytime wheeze score while they were taking high dose budesonide but there was no difference for daytime activity, cough, and night symptoms. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2005 - "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics are likely to be beneficial in the treatment of children with chronic moist cough. " 06/01/2007 - "Both patients were given an empirical trial of antibiotics and anti-cough measures with no response. " 05/01/2006 - "This study aimed to determine (1) daytime and overnight cough rates in patients with CF at the beginning and end of a course of antibiotics for treatment of an exacerbation; (2) the relationship between cough frequencies and standard clinical measures of disease; and (3) the relationship between objective cough rates and the subjective assessment of cough. " 03/01/2005 - "This study draws on a database of 570 community-based acute pediatric encounters in the USA and uses conversation analysis as a methodology to identify two formats physicians use to recommend non-antibiotic treatment in acute pediatric care (using a subset of 309 cases): recommendations for particular treatment (e.g., "I'm gonna give her some cough medicine.") and recommendations against particular treatment (e.g., "She doesn't need any antibiotics."). " 01/01/2005 - "SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antibiotics with a placebo or a control group in children with chronic moist cough were considered. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)IBA 01/01/2004 - "In children, levocloperastine reduced nighttime awakenings and irritability, and in adults it was effective in treating cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. " 12/01/1994 - "Type 1 Ang II receptor antagonists represent a potential new treatment for hypertensive patients in whom ACE inhibitors are indicated, but who develop a cough with these agents." 05/01/1998 - "One clinical advantage of the AII receptor antagonists over ACE inhibitors is an improved side-effect profile with the absence of the persistent dry cough associated with ACE inhibitor therapy. " 08/01/2009 - "METHODS: This study assessed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the NK2R gene and chronic cough in 91 patients taking ACE inhibitors. " 10/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: In the 10 comparative trials described, all reported a lower incidence of cough with AII blockers than with ACE inhibitors. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Albuterol (Salbutamol)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1999 - "Is oral albuterol effective for acute cough in non-asthmatic children?" 01/01/1996 - "We sought to evaluate the efficacy of oral albuterol for acute cough in ambulatory adults. " 11/01/1991 - "Trends toward an earlier improvement in cough and an improved feeling of well-being also were observed in the albuterol group. " 03/04/1989 - "Efficacy of salbutamol in chronic cough in childhood leukaemia." 01/01/2005 - "DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data for trials of salbutamol versus placebo were extracted by both reviewers and entered into the Cochrane Collaboration software program Review Manager, version 4.2 MAIN RESULTS: In children presenting with isolated chronic cough there was no significant difference between salbutamol treated group and placebo group. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2006 - "Most of GER symptoms had improved except for cough after treatment with PPI. " 05/01/2005 - "Weight of sputum (during treatment plus 30 min after treatment), number of coughs and patient preference were also recorded. " 08/01/2004 - "The efficacy parameters, measured at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, included cough-induced leak point pressure, urine leakage by provocation test, number of incontinence episodes in 24 hours, and patient perception of bladder condition, rated on a 6-point scale. " 07/01/2004 - "Seventeen of 22 horses treated with rHIA or nHIA were cough-free 4 weeks after treatment, compared with only 4 of 12 after treatment with the placebo. " 07/01/2004 - "In the safety analysis (antibiotic side effects, compliance) and comparison of cough symptoms after treatment, all randomized children are reported in their assigned treatment group. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2006 - "Patients on chemotherapy had poorer symptom control involving change in taste (p=0.01) and cough (p=0.01). " 01/01/2006 - "METHODOLOGY: The data for this review were obtained with the aid of a National Library of Medicine (PubMed) search, which was performed in June 2004, of literature published in the English language from 1966 to 2004, using the search terms "cough," "antitussive," "pharmacotherapy," "future therapies, " and "potential therapies." RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Currently available cough-suppressant therapy is severely limited by a dearth of effective agents and/or their unacceptable side effects. " 01/01/2005 - "A 53-yr-old woman developed a dry cough after the completion of multi-agent chemotherapy. " 07/01/2003 - "Pharmacotherapy for chronic cough can be either specific or non-specific. " 07/01/2003 - "Pharmacotherapy of chronic cough in adults." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Fundoplication 01/01/2009 - "Fundoplication is highly effective in the control of reflux cough in CF. " 01/01/2009 - "Fundoplication lead to a marked fall in cough with the total LCQ score increasing from 11.9 to 18.3 (P = 0.01). " 01/01/2009 - "We undertook laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in adult CF patients with a clinical diagnosis of reflux cough who had failed conventional medical therapies. " 08/01/2006 - "Aim: To evaluate the frequency of chronic cough associated with nonacid reflux and the response of these patients to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. " 06/01/2005 - "We report the case of a 45 year old woman with a history of a chronic cough referred for fundoplication after documenting her symptoms were associated with non-acid reflux using multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH)." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	General Anesthesia 01/01/2009 - "The selective effects of general anesthesia on C-fiber-dependent cough and the opposing effects of C-fiber subtypes in cough have led to some uncertainty about their regulation of this defensive reflex. " 11/01/1998 - "IMPLICATIONS: Most patients cough as they awaken from general anesthesia given via an endotracheal tube. " 09/01/1959 - "[Cough in cats in various modes of general anesthesia and in wakeful states.]" 07/01/1959 - "[Laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial cough in guinea pigs in various modes of general anesthesia in wakeful states.]" 07/01/1951 - "Cough--a hazard of general anesthesia in the ambulatory patient." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Postural Drainage 07/01/1982 - "Compared with the control day, all forms of intervention significantly improved the removal of mucus: cough (p less than 0.005), physiotherapy maneuvers (0.005 less than or equal to p less than 0.01), postural drainage (p less than 0.05), and postural drainage plus percussion (p less than 0.01). " 01/01/2006 - "Chest physiotherapy, including postural drainage, chest wall percussion and vibration, and a forced expiration technique (called huffing), increase airway clearance as assessed by sputum characteristics (ie, volume, weight, and viscosity) and clearance of the radioaerosol from the lung, but the long-term efficacy of these techniques compared with unassisted cough alone is unknown. " 09/01/2007 - "Directed cough, forced expiratory technique, active cycle of breathing, and autogenic drainage are all more effective than placebo and comparable in therapeutic effects to postural drainage; they require no special equipment or care-provider assistance for routine use. " 09/01/2007 - "Historically, conventional CPT has consisted of a combination of forced expirations (directed cough or huff), postural drainage, percussion, and/or shaking. " 05/01/1994 - "The amount of sputum expectorated by subjects using the Flutter was more than three times the amount expectorated with either voluntary cough or postural drainage (p < 0.001). " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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