Necrotizing periodontal diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: A review.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients have depleted CD4 lymphocyte counts and are susceptible to a plethora of infections of bacterial, viral, and fungal etiology. In addition to a wide range of systemic manifestations, human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients also display several characteristic oral manifestations. Studies have shown a correlation between some of the oral manifestations and CD4 lymphocyte counts which in turn is an independent prognostic indicator. To tackle the human immunodeficiency virus numerous drugs have been discovered and implemented. To overcome any potential resistance, human immunodeficiency virus patients are prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy, wherein a combination of antiretroviral regimens are used. Studies have shown that in addition to controlling the viral activity, the treatment regimen, has a significant effect on the oral manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The present paper highlights the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on periodontal diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

• Authors: Thodur Madapusi Balaji, Saranya Varadarajan, Govindarajan Sujatha, Jayanandan Muruganandhan, Ramamurthy Shanmugapriya, A Thirumal Raj, Shankargouda Patil, Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh, Hytham N Fageeh, Nida H Malik, Kamran Habib Awan
• Journal: Disease-a-month : DM (Dis Mon) Vol. 67 Issue 9 Pg. 101168 (Sep 2021) ISSN: 1557-8194 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33640175 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Chemical References

• Anti-HIV Agents

Topics

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (complications, drug therapy, virology)
• Anti-HIV Agents (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
• CD4 Lymphocyte Count
• HIV
• HIV Infections (complications, drug therapy)
• Humans
• Periodontal Diseases (complications)
• Periodontium (drug effects)