A new childhood ALL case with an extremely complex karyotype and acute spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common malignancy of childhood, with, after corresponding treatment, an overall complete remission rate of 90%. Approximately 75% of B-ALL cases harbor recurrent abnormalities, including so-called complex karyotypes (CK). Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic abnormality which may arise during cancer therapy and also, extremely rarely, as spontaneous TLS before initiation of chemotherapy in patients with ALL.

CASE PRESENTATION:

Here we report a 9-year-old male, diagnosed with a de novo pre-B-ALL according to the WHO classification. Cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic approaches and array comparative genomic hybridization analyses revealed a unique CK involving five chromosomes. It included four yet unreported chromosomal aberrations: a der(11)t(7;11)(p22.1;q24.2), a der(18)t(7;18)(q21.3;p11.22), del(11)(q24.2q25) and dup(18)(q11.1q23). Unfortunately, the patient died 3 months after the initial diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

To the best of our knowledge, a comparable childhood ALL case was not previously reported. Thus, the combination of the here seen chromosomal aberrations in childhood primary ALL seems to indicate for an extremely adverse prognosis.

• Authors: Abdulsamad Wafa, Rami A Jarjour, Doaa Alolabi, Thomas Liehr, Othman Hamdan, Joana B Melo, Isabel M Carreira, Moneeb A K Othman, Walid Al-Achkar
• Journal: Molecular cytogenetics (Mol Cytogenet) Vol. 13 Pg. 44 ( 2020) ISSN: 1755-8166 [Print] England
• PMID: 32944079 (Publication Type: Case Reports)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2020.