Levocarnitine for pegasparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Abstract

Pegasparaginase (PEG-Asp), commonly used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is associated with hyperbilirubinemia and elevated transaminases. Treatment of acute hepatotoxicity is limited to case studies reporting success with levocarnitine (LC). In a retrospective analysis, 25 ALL patients experienced Grade ≥3 hyperbilirubinemia and/or elevated transaminases following a single dose of PEG-Asp where 12 patients received LC compared to 13 patients with no intervention. Median LC dose was 50 mg/kg/day for a median of 11 days. Median values were greater in the LC group: total bilirubin 5.2 mg/dL vs 4.5 mg/dL (p = 0.19), AST 75.5 units/L vs. 30 units/L (p = 0.05), and ALT 263.5 units/L vs 47 units/L (p = 0.003). Time to resolution (TTR) did not significantly differ between LC and control (p = 0.08), however, patients on LC did resume therapy sooner (p = 0.17). Although significant limitations exist in the study, LC did not result in a clinically significant impact when used to treat PEG-Asp-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Authors: Elena Trang, Dat Ngo, Jason Chen, Ibrahim Aldoss, Amandeep Salhotra, Vinod Pullarkat
• Journal: Leukemia & lymphoma (Leuk Lymphoma) Vol. 61 Issue 13 Pg. 3161-3164 (12 2020) ISSN: 1029-2403 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32787645 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Polyethylene Glycols
• Asparaginase
• Carnitine

Topics

• Antineoplastic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Asparaginase (adverse effects)
• Carnitine (therapeutic use)
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury (diagnosis, etiology)
• Humans
• Polyethylene Glycols (adverse effects)
• Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (drug therapy)
• Retrospective Studies