Acute Effects of Three Different Meal Patterns on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Individuals with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.

Abstract

SCOPE:

The aim of this study is to investigate acute postprandial responses to intake of meals typical for Mediterranean and Western diets.

METHODS:

In a randomized crossover design, overweight and obese participants with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases consumed three different isoenergetic meals: Western diet-like high-fat (WDHF), Western diet-like high-carbohydrate (WDHC), and Mediterranean diet (MED) meal. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h postprandially and analyzed for parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant status.

RESULTS:

Compared to MED and WDHF meals, intake of a WDHC meal results in prolonged and elevated increases in glucose and insulin. Elevations for triglycerides are enhanced after the WDHF meal compared to the MED and the WDHC meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and interleukin-6 increase postprandially without meal differences. Apart from vitamin C showing an increase after the MED meal and a decrease after WDHF and WDHC meals, antioxidant markers decrease postprandially without meal differences. Plasma interleukin-1β is not affected by meal intake.

CONCLUSIONS:

Energy-rich meals induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, an inflammatory response, and a decrease in antioxidant markers. A meal typical for the Mediterranean diet results in favorable effects on glycemic, insulinemic, and lipemic responses.

• Authors: Yannik B Schönknecht, Silke Crommen, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Martin Coenen, Rolf Fimmers, Jens J Holst, Marie-Christine Simon, Peter Stehle, Sarah Egert
• Journal: Molecular nutrition & food research (Mol Nutr Food Res) Vol. 64 Issue 9 Pg. e1901035 (05 2020) ISSN: 1613-4133 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 32223057 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Chemical References

• Antioxidants
• Biomarkers
• Blood Glucose
• Insulin
• Lipids
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

Topics

• Aged
• Antioxidants (metabolism)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• Cross-Over Studies
• Diet (adverse effects)
• Diet, Mediterranean
• Diet, Western
• Energy Intake
• Female
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (blood)
• Humans
• Hyperglycemia (blood, etiology)
• Hyperlipidemias (blood, etiology)
• Inflammation (blood, etiology)
• Insulin (blood)
• Lipids (blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Postprandial Period (physiology)
• Risk Factors