Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In patients with type 2 diabetes, inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) reduce the risk of a first hospitalization for heart failure, possibly through glucose-independent mechanisms. More data are needed regarding the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with established heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, regardless of the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

In this phase 3, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 4744 patients with New York Heart Association class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive either dapagliflozin (at a dose of 10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of worsening heart failure (hospitalization or an urgent visit resulting in intravenous therapy for heart failure) or cardiovascular death.

RESULTS:

Over a median of 18.2 months, the primary outcome occurred in 386 of 2373 patients (16.3%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 502 of 2371 patients (21.2%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.85; P<0.001). A first worsening heart failure event occurred in 237 patients (10.0%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 326 patients (13.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.83). Death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 227 patients (9.6%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 273 patients (11.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98); 276 patients (11.6%) and 329 patients (13.9%), respectively, died from any cause (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.97). Findings in patients with diabetes were similar to those in patients without diabetes. The frequency of adverse events related to volume depletion, renal dysfunction, and hypoglycemia did not differ between treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, the risk of worsening heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes was lower among those who received dapagliflozin than among those who received placebo, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. (Funded by AstraZeneca; DAPA-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03036124.).

• Authors: John J V McMurray, Scott D Solomon, Silvio E Inzucchi, Lars Køber, Mikhail N Kosiborod, Felipe A Martinez, Piotr Ponikowski, Marc S Sabatine, Inder S Anand, Jan Bělohlávek, Michael Böhm, Chern-En Chiang, Vijay K Chopra, Rudolf A de Boer, Akshay S Desai, Mirta Diez, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Andrej Dukát, Junbo Ge, Jonathan G Howlett, Tzvetana Katova, Masafumi Kitakaze, Charlotta E A Ljungman, Béla Merkely, Jose C Nicolau, Eileen O'Meara, Mark C Petrie, Pham N Vinh, Morten Schou, Sergey Tereshchenko, Subodh Verma, Claes Held, David L DeMets, Kieran F Docherty, Pardeep S Jhund, Olof Bengtsson, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Anna-Maria Langkilde, DAPA-HF Trial Committees and Investigators
• Journal: The New England journal of medicine (N Engl J Med) Vol. 381 Issue 21 Pg. 1995-2008 (11 21 2019) ISSN: 1533-4406 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31535829 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase III, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2019 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Chemical References

• Benzhydryl Compounds
• Cardiovascular Agents
• Glucosides
• Glycated Hemoglobin A
• Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
• dapagliflozin

Topics

• Aged
• Benzhydryl Compounds (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Cardiovascular Agents (therapeutic use)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (mortality)
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, complications, drug therapy)
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Female
• Glucosides (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Glycated Hemoglobin (analysis)
• Heart Failure (complications, drug therapy)
• Hospitalization
• Humans
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Stroke Volume (drug effects)
• Ventricular Dysfunction, Left (complications, drug therapy)