Abstract | OBJECTIVES: METHODS:
Thiosemicarbazones were generated through simple condensation reactions of thiosemicarbazides and ketones. TSC3 was selected and tested for in vitro antimalarial activities against MDR Plasmodium falciparum lines using the [3H] hypoxanthine growth assay, in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines using the alamarBlue fluorescence cell viability assay, in vivo potency in the mouse-Plasmodium berghei model and blood exposure in mice measured by LC-MS for pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS: TSC3 showed potent in vitro activity against atovaquone-, dihydroartemisinin-, chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant P. falciparum lines (EC50 <15 nM). The selectivity index (EC50 cells/EC50Pf W2 line) of TSC3 was >500 in two of three mammalian cell lines. In P. berghei-infected mice, TSC3 showed potent activity in the Peters 4 day suppression test (ED50 1.2 mg/kg/day) and was as potent as artesunate and chloroquine in the curative modified Thompson test. A single oral dose of TSC3 at 16 mg/kg in healthy mice achieved a mean maximum blood concentration of 1883 ng/mL at 1 h after dosing and an elimination half-life of 48.7 h in groups of five mice. CONCLUSIONS: TSC3 shows promise as a persistent, potent and orally effective antimalarial. This, coupled with the extremely low cost of synthesis, suggests that the further development of antimalarial thiosemicarbazones is clearly warranted.
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Authors | Christopher J Parkinson, Geoffrey W Birrell, Marina Chavchich, Donna Mackenzie, Richard K Haynes, Carmen de Kock, Des R Richardson, Michael D Edstein |
Journal | The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
(J Antimicrob Chemother)
Vol. 74
Issue 10
Pg. 2965-2973
(10 01 2019)
ISSN: 1460-2091 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 31325302
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected]. |
Chemical References |
- Antimalarials
- Thiosemicarbazones
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Topics |
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antimalarials
(administration & dosage, chemical synthesis, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
- Blood Chemical Analysis
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival
(drug effects)
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Malaria
(drug therapy)
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
- Plasmodium berghei
(drug effects)
- Plasmodium falciparum
(drug effects)
- Thiosemicarbazones
(administration & dosage, chemical synthesis, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
- Treatment Outcome
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