Investigation of the Biological Activities and Characterization of Bioactive Constituents of Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata (D.Don) & Mondal Leaves through In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Approaches.

Abstract

Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plants by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of O. rugosa leaves (EEOR). The leaves were extracted with ethanol and subjected to in vivo antidiarrheal screening using the castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated using the histamine-induced paw edema test. In parallel, in vitro anthelmintic and antibacterial activities were evaluated using the aquatic worm and disc diffusion assays respectively. In all three diarrheal models, EEOR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed obvious inhibition of diarrheal stool frequency, reduction of the volume and weight of the intestinal contents, and significant inhibition of intestinal motility. Also, EEOR manifested dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. Anthelmintic action was deemed significant (P < 0.001) with respect to the onset of paralysis and helminth death. EEOR also resulted in strong zones of inhibition when tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. GC-MS analysis identified 30 compounds within EEOR, and of these, 13 compounds documented as bioactive showed good binding affinities to M3 muscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT3, tubulin and GlcN-6-P synthase protein targets in molecular docking experiments. Additionally, ADME/T and PASS analyses revealed their drug-likeness, likely safety upon consumption and possible pharmacological activities. In conclusion, our findings scientifically support the ethnomedicinal use and value of this plant, which may provide a potential source for future development of medicines.

• Authors: Md Adnan, Md Nazim Uddin Chy, A T M Mostafa Kamal, Md Obyedul Kalam Azad, Arkajyoti Paul, Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin, James W Barlow, Mohammad Omar Faruque, Cheol Ho Park, Dong Ha Cho
• Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (Molecules) Vol. 24 Issue 7 (Apr 08 2019) ISSN: 1420-3049 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 30965575 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anthelmintics
• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Phytochemicals

Topics

• Animals
• Anthelmintics (chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Computer Simulation
• Diarrhea (chemically induced, drug therapy)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Gram-Negative Bacteria (drug effects)
• Gram-Positive Bacteria (drug effects)
• Inflammation (chemically induced, drug therapy)
• Mice
• Microbial Viability (drug effects)
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• Molecular Structure
• Phytochemicals (administration & dosage, chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Plant Leaves (chemistry)
• Rubiaceae (chemistry)