Diarrhea

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12083 relevant articles (807 outcomes, 1135 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

Also Known As:

Diarrheas

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Signs and Symptoms

Digestive Signs and Symptoms

Diarrhea: 12083

Infantile Diarrhea: 147

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Dehydration (Water Stress)
3.	Vomiting
4.	Cholera
5.	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Syndrome, Irritable Bowel)

Experts

1.	DuPont, Herbert L: 20 articles (08/2008 - 10/2002)
2.	Jiang, Zhi-Dong: 12 articles (09/2007 - 08/2003)
3.	Okhuysen, Pablo C: 10 articles (08/2008 - 07/2003)
4.	Ericsson, Charles D: 10 articles (09/2007 - 05/2003)
5.	Black, Robert E: 8 articles (05/2008 - 12/2003)
6.	Oldfield, Edward C: 8 articles (01/2008 - 01/2003)
7.	Bhandari, Nita: 6 articles (05/2008 - 05/2002)
8.	Guerrant, Richard L: 5 articles (01/2007 - 06/2002)
9.	Ericsson, C D: 5 articles (12/2001 - 05/2000)
10.	Ridpath, Julia F: 4 articles (08/2008 - 06/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Diarrhea:

1.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "Octreotide is very effective in controlling RRT diarrhea. " 09/01/2007 - "Administration of octreotide was effective in relieving his secretory diarrhea. " 12/01/2006 - "Long-acting octreotide is effective in the treatment of severe diarrhea in patients after pelvic pouch surgery." 06/01/1998 - "The demonstrated safety and efficacy of octreotide in this patient population support further investigation of this therapeutic strategy for GVHD-induced diarrhea. " 06/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, octreotide treatment was effective in reducing the amount of diarrhea in patients with acute GVHD. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Loperamide (Imodium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "Best option for traveler's diarrhea: loperamide plus an antibiotic?" 02/01/1996 - "Loperamide was considered the most effective agent for controlling delayed diarrhea. " 03/01/1984 - "Most symptoms improved significantly on placebo compared with the baseline period, but three of these [diarrhea (P less than 0.01), urgency (P less than 0.01) and borborygmi (P less than 0.05)] showed a further significant improvement on loperamide. " 06/01/2005 - "Imodium is more effective than placebo at improving stool consistency and decreasing stool frequency in patients with IBS, and it may be an important component for treating diarrhea-predominant IBS. " 03/01/1996 - "Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea was substantially more prevalent in the initial 18 patients on study, with an incidence rate of 56%; a significant reduction in the incidence of severe diarrhea to 9% was noted with strict adherence to an antidiarrheal regimen of loperamide and diphenyldramine. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	ORALIT (ORS)IBA 03/01/1994 - "The exact composition of ORS will probably continue to evolve over the next few years, because: 1) It is important to have a single ORS, so that all patients with dehydrating diarrheas of any cause and in any age group can be successfully treated with the same solution. " 12/01/1993 - "Due to high literacy rate and health consciousness, the educated and majority of literate parents of Patna town were better aware, more factual and had rational view regarding causes, method of prevention, fundamentals of use of ORS and home management of diarrhea in children, although certain aspects are yet to be cleared to them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 11/01/1991 - "Among children with rotavirus diarrhea, no significant differences were observed between the 23 children who received improved ORS and the 20 who received standard ORS." 11/01/1991 - "Improved ORS did not produce significant reduction in the volume of diarrhea stools. " 01/01/1999 - " Moreover, the management of diarrhea could be improved through the more liberal distribution of ORS sachets." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	ZincIBA 06/01/2007 - "METHODS AND RESULTS: Several reports from developing countries have demonstrated that supplements of zinc also provide significant reduction in stool output and duration, persistency, and severity of diarrhea. " 10/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Supplemental zinc had no significant effect on the duration or remission of diarrhea in HIV-infected adults." 08/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in the duration of persistent diarrhea in selected subgroups of zinc-supplemented ambulatory patients in this population." 06/01/1997 - "These pathophysiological conclusions are supported by several controlled clinical traits which have provided evidence that zinc supplementation results in significant reduction in the risk of continued diarrhea. " 02/01/1990 - "Repeat estimation at discharge in 38 patients (25 in Group I, 13 in Group II) revealed a significant reduction in both tissue and serum zinc and only tissue zinc in acute and chronic diarrhea, respectively. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 12/01/1990 - "Synthetic somatostatin analogues have proved to be clinically effective in controlling this diarrhea. " 03/01/1988 - "This case report shows that somatostatin is also therapeutically effective in non-secretory diarrhea." 04/01/1983 - "These findings should be taken into consideration when developing a gut-specific somatostatin analog that can be useful in the treatment of diarrhea." 07/01/1992 - "A trial of somatostatin therapy was ineffective in controlling the diarrhea. " 11/01/2003 - "Somatostatin analogues are effective as second-line therapy or as first-line therapy for patients with grade 3/4 diarrhea. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	irinotecan (Camptosar)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2005 - "In particular, the AUC of SN-38 was markedly decreased to 56 from 107 ng.h/mL. Intestinal alkalinization was effective in preventing CPT-11-induced diarrhea, but this treatment changed the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 and SN-38 in the body." 01/01/2005 - "Further studies are needed to identify the molecular targets associated with CPT-11 toxicity and safe and effective agents for alleviating CPT-11-induced diarrhea." 06/01/2008 - "The delayed diarrhea symptoms induced by irinotecan also seemed to be improved. " 05/01/2009 - "Irinotecan 125 mg/m(2) on days 2 and 8 in combination with MMC 6 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 4 weeks is recommended for future studies; myelosuppression and diarrhea are dose-limiting. " 01/01/2009 - "To investigate the efficiency of Saccharomyces boulardii on irinotecan-induced mucosal damage and diarrhea in rats, fifty rats were randomized into three groups with 20 rats in two study groups and 10 rats in the control group. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1988 - "The present study was undertaken in order to assess whether an oral glucose/electrolyte solution designed for fluid replacement (Na+ concentration 75 mmol/l) and an oral glucose/electrolyte solution designed for maintenance of hydration (Na+ concentration 45 mmol/l) would be safe and effective in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea in a developed country. " 01/01/1991 - "The systematic studies of pH and glucose of stools did not appear to be useful for children with acute diarrhea who had a satisfactory evolution." 12/01/1985 - "Because previous studies have strongly suggested that in acute TGE diarrhea the epithelium is composed of relatively undifferentiated crypt-type cells, we speculate that high-affinity D-glucose carriers are lacking in normal crypt epithelial cells and that they are incorporated into brush-border membranes of jejunal enterocytes as the cells differentiate in the course of their migration from crypt to villus." 01/01/1977 - "All children with diarrhea aged up to 5 years and residing in 2 communities (community B was the study, community M the control) in a province in the Philippines were studied to test the hypothesis that an oral glucose-electrolyte solution (Oresol) used freely for outpatient children with diarrhea would improve their nutritional status. " 02/01/1975 - " It was discovered, in a study among Apache children, that early and rapid replacemtnt of volume loss and correction of electrolyte imbalance using glucose-electrolyte solutions administered orally can restore physical well-being and appetite to children suffering from acute diarrhea, and hence enhance these children's nutritional status. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2001 - "BACKGROUND: Hyperimmunized bovine colostrum containing antibodies has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea. " 04/01/1999 - "coli K88+ MB-induced diarrhea in 3-day-old piglets was cured 24 h after treating with egg-yolk antibodies while those treated with egg-yolk powder from conventional hens continued to have diarrhea and 62.5% of them died of severe diarrhea. " 07/01/1992 - "The protective effects of the egg yolk antibodies were tested in the rabbit reversible ileal tie model of diarrhea. " 06/01/2003 - "Efficacy of an infant formula containing anti-Escherichia coli colostral antibodies from hyperimmunized cows in preventing diarrhea in infants and children: a field trial." 06/01/1991 - "In a first field study using egg yolk antibodies, 92% of 299 diarrhea affected piglets were cured. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 01/01/1993 - "Treatment of refractory diarrhea with 10 g immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum per day constitutes an important therapeutic approach and led to complete (40%) or partial (24%) remission of diarrhea in 64% of the patients described here." 05/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous immunoglobulin may be effective for severe, refractory, or recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea after failed conventional treatment." 12/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with antirotavirus immunoglobulin of bovine colostral origin is effective in the management of children with acute rotavirus diarrhea." 02/01/1991 - "Efficacy of colostral immunoglobulins for therapeutic and preventive treatments of calf diarrhea." 10/01/1993 - "Passive protection against bovine rotavirus-induced diarrhea in murine model by specific immunoglobulins from chicken egg yolk." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 03/01/2001 - "Noteworthy results published include the following: 1) raw juice of garlic was found to be effective against many common pathogenic bacteria-intestinal bacteria, which are responsible for diarrhea in humans and animals; 2) garlic is effective even against those strains that have become resistant to antibiotics; 3) the combination of garlic with antibiotics leads to partial or total synergism; 4) complete lack of resistance has been observed repeatedly; 5) even toxin production by microorganisms is prevented by garlic. " 01/01/1993 - "difficile diarrhea in high-risk patients on antibiotics may also have merit if an effective and safe biologic agent can be identified. " 06/01/2001 - "Are antibiotics effective for travelers' diarrhea?" 12/01/2000 - "Antibiotics are effective in the treatment of bacterial overgrowth-related diarrhea." 08/15/2006 - "Our objective in this study was to assess the efficacy of probiotics (of any specified strain or dose) for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and to assess adverse events associated with the use of probiotics when coadministered with antibiotics to children. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy) 05/01/1996 - "Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with acute infectious diarrhea. " 01/01/1991 - "Most health professionals in developing and developed countries consider oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to be the most effective treatment for diarrhea. " 01/01/1998 - "Cost-effectiveness analysis indicates that some water supply and sanitation (WSS) interventions are very cost-effective in controlling diarrhea among children under age 5 years, as cost-effective as oral rehydration therapy. " 12/01/1977 - " In all, 16 children suffering from sporadic, unspecific diarrhea over a period of 9 months showed marked improvement of the condition within 1-2 days of cup and spoon rehydration." 08/01/1991 - "We sought to determine the efficacy of three different types of treatment in children with acute diarrhea who, during the oral rehydration period, had high stool output (greater than 10 mL/kg per hour). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2009 - "Soluble fiber supplements are likely to be effective for treating chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-induced diarrhea; however, additional research is needed because the type and dose of soluble fiber most effective in treating and preventing these types of diarrhea are unknown. " 02/01/1992 - "This was justified by slow tumour growth and also facilitated control of diarrhea and ensured a greater efficacy of possible postoperative chemotherapy. " 03/01/1991 - "After institution of chemotherapy, watery diarrhea persisted despite remission of the underlying disease. " 09/01/2009 - "This is a unique study in which grade 3 chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (characterized by 7-9 stools per day and associated with incontinence and abdominal cramping) was treated with only a multispecies combination of probiotics. " 08/01/2009 - "Randomized trials have shown a 50% reduction in severe diarrhea with chrono-chemotherapy versus conventional regimens at similar doses. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Oral Administration 11/01/1997 - "CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of Lactobacillus GG is effective in rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative ambulatory children with diarrhea. " 11/01/1997 - "The purposes of this work were to investigate the clinical efficacy of oral administration of Lactobacillus in children with mild diarrhea who were observed as outpatients, and to see whether Lactobacillus GG can reduce the duration of rotavirus excretion. " 08/01/2003 - "Effect of oral administration of tormentil root extract (Potentilla tormentilla) on rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial." 01/01/2009 - "RESULTS: Oral administration of PG102 could suppress the incidence of diarrhea in a murine allergic diarrhea model. " 01/01/2005 - "Consequently, the oral administration of AMK protein sample suppressed the OVA-mediated allergic diarrhea by preferential stimulation of the Th1-type immune responses." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/1996 - "A significant reduction in the duration of diarrhea and other symptoms was observed after treatment, regardless of whether a pathogen was detected (P = .0001). " 01/01/2007 - "His general body symptoms, including the bloody diarrhea, improved after treatment. " 06/01/1997 - "There have been no studies of the prevalence or causes of chronic diarrhea in these patients after treatment with a gluten-free diet. " 05/01/1988 - "Routine test-of-cure stool cultures can be useful for evaluating treatment failures and for assessing asymptomatic carriage of enteropathogens after treatment, but they are not mandated in the design of placebo-controlled antimicrobial treatment trials in traveler's diarrhea when the focus of the trial is clinical efficacy." 08/01/2009 - "The changes of main Chinese medicine clinical symptoms and signs, including stomachache, diarrhea, mucous or bloody stool before and after treatment, and their adverse reactions were observed after the two-week treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 06/01/2001 - "OBJECTIVE: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly decreased the incidence of infectious diarrhea affecting HIV-infected patients. " 05/01/2007 - "The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of diarrhea among HIV-infected and uninfected patients in the HAART era, and to evaluate the impact of diarrhea on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). " 02/01/2004 - "The study enrolled 100 consecutive HIV positive patients who had diarrhea while on HAART. " 11/01/2007 - "PURPOSE: In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, HIV-related diarrhea remains common. " 05/01/2007 - "INTRODUCTION: In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, HIV-related diarrhea remains common. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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