Abstract | ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C. B. Clarke) Munir is native as well as endemic to South India. Its leaves are used in folklore medicine to treat pain and rheumatism. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate the chemical characterization, anti-nociceptive and mode of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of S. involucrata leaves (MESi). METHODS: Phytoconstituents of MESi was analyzed using colorimetric and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, and the oral acute toxicity was evaluated in mice up to 2000 mg/kg. The anti-nociceptive effect was evaluated in hot plate and writhing tests; whereas the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan, cotton pellet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis models at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Additionally nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: MESi exhibited the high content of phenolics and flavonoids as well as compounds like austricine, benzylglucosinolate, gossypin, justicidin B and cirsimarin were detected in LC-MS. In the acute toxicity study, oral administration of MESi did not cause any toxic effect and mortality up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in mice. In the anti-nociceptive tests, MESi augmented the latency period at higher dose (400 mg/kg), on the other hand attenuated writhings at the dose of 400 mg/kg by 87.87% (p < 0.001). In the carrageenan induced paw oedema MESi significantly inhibited the oedema formation at dose 400 mg/kg by 32.1%; besides, anti-inflammatory effect was registered in the cotton pellets-induced inflammation model at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg by 27.09% (p < 0.001) and 35.47% (p < 0.001) respectively. On the other hand, MESi appreciably reduced leukocyte, neutrophils infiltration, nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β levels and increased the IL-10 level in the (LPS)-induced peritonitis model. CONCLUSION: The results conclude that MESi has no acute toxic effect and it demonstrated potent anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Its anti-nociceptive activities are probably mediated through peripheral and central mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory effect of MESi involved the inhibition of neutrophils migration and the modulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, besides the attenuation of production of PGE2 and NO. LC-MS analysis revealed the predominant presence of the austricine, benzylglucosinolate, gossypin, justicidin B and cirsimarin compounds, which are possibly involved in the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of MESi. The current study provided supportive evidence for the folklore use of S. involucrata in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions.
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Authors | Puthanpura Sasidharan Sreeja, Karuppusamy Arunachalam, Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins, Joaquim Corsino da Silva Lima, Sikiru Olaitan Balogun, Eduarda Pavan, Sathyanarayanan Saikumar, Sivaraj Dhivya, Muniyandi Kasipandi, Thangaraj Parimelazhagan |
Journal | Journal of ethnopharmacology
(J Ethnopharmacol)
Vol. 225
Pg. 71-80
(Oct 28 2018)
ISSN: 1872-7573 [Electronic] Ireland |
PMID | 29960023
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Analgesics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Cytokines
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Phytochemicals
- Plant Extracts
- Solvents
- Carrageenan
- Methanol
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Topics |
- Analgesics
(analysis, therapeutic use, toxicity)
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
(analysis, therapeutic use, toxicity)
- Carrageenan
- Cytokines
(immunology)
- Edema
(drug therapy)
- Female
- Granuloma
(drug therapy)
- Lamiaceae
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Male
- Methanol
(chemistry)
- Mice
- Pain
(drug therapy)
- Peritonitis
(drug therapy, immunology)
- Phytochemicals
(analysis, therapeutic use, toxicity)
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts
(analysis, therapeutic use, toxicity)
- Plant Leaves
- Rats, Wistar
- Solvents
(chemistry)
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
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