Germinated Brown Rice Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Knockout Mice.

Abstract

The present study investigates the impact of germinated brown rice (GBR) on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout (LDLr-KO) mice. The intensity of atherosclerosis in aortas of LDLr-KO mice receiving diet supplemented with 60% GBR (weight/weight) was significantly less than that in mice fed with 60% white rice (WR) or control diet ( p < 0.05); all diets contained 0.06% cholesterol. WR or GBR diet did not significantly alter plasma total or LDL-cholesterol, fecal sterols, or glucose, or the activities of antioxidant enzymes, compared to the control diet. The adhesion of monocytes to aortas from LDLr-KO mice fed with WR diet was significantly more than that from mice receiving the control diet ( p < 0.01). GBR diet decreased monocyte adhesion to aortas compared to WR diet ( p < 0.01). GBR diet also reduced the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in plasma, and the abundances of MCP-1, PAI-1, TNF-α, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, toll-like receptor-4, PAI-1, LDLr-like protein, and urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor in aortas or hearts from LDLr-KO mice in comparison to the WR diet ( p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). The findings suggest that GBR administration attenuated atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in LDLr-KO mice compared to WR. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of GBR in LDLr-KO mice at least in part results from its anti-inflammatory activity.

• Authors: Ruozhi Zhao, Nora Ghazzawi, Jiansu Wu, Khuong Le, Chunyang Li, Mohammed H Moghadasian, Yaw L Siow, Franklin B Apea-Bah, Trust Beta, Zhengfeng Yin, Garry X Shen
• Journal: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (J Agric Food Chem) Vol. 66 Issue 17 Pg. 4512-4520 (May 02 2018) ISSN: 1520-5118 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 29656648 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Ccl2 protein, mouse
• Chemokine CCL2
• Lipids
• Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
• Receptors, LDL
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Atherosclerosis (diet therapy, prevention & control)
• Chemokine CCL2 (blood)
• Diet
• Germination
• Lipids (blood)
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Mice, Knockout
• Oryza
• Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (blood)
• Receptors, LDL (deficiency, genetics, physiology)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (blood)
• Vasculitis (prevention & control)