Weight gain is often observed in children with
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who undergo
chemotherapy including
steroids. An increase in body mass index (BMI)-standard deviation score (SDS) during induction
therapy is reported as a risk factor for
obesity after treatment. However, risk factors of an increase in BMI-SDS during induction
therapy are not known. Ninety-six patients with ALL who were treated at our hospital between 1996 January and September 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Daily
body weight measurement was initiated in July 2005 in an attempt to control weight. Fifty-four patients were boys and 42 were girls. The median age at onset was 5.1 years (0.5-16.6 y), and 7.3% of patients were
overweight/obese at onset. BMI-SDS increased +0.1% (-3.3% to +3.2%) during induction
therapy. BMI-SDS increased by 1 and 2 or more SDs in 20% and 3% of patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, non-high-risk treatment and earlier treatment start date (before daily
body weight measurement) were independent risk factors. Ten percent of patients were
overweight/obese at 3 years after completion
therapy, and high BMI-SDS after induction
therapy was a risk factor. Daily
body weight measurement might prevent excess
weight gain during induction
therapy, resulting in patients maintaining a healthy weight after ALL treatment.