Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activity. The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Dietary omega-3 PUFAs alter the mouse intestinal microbiome compatible with antineoplastic activity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplements on the faecal microbiome in middle-aged, healthy volunteers (n=22). DESIGN: A randomised, open-label, cross-over trial of 8 weeks' treatment with 4 g mixed eicosapentaenoic acid/ docosahexaenoic acid in two formulations (soft-gel capsules and Smartfish drinks), separated by a 12-week 'washout' period. Faecal samples were collected at five time-points for microbiome analysis by 16S ribosomal RNA PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Both omega-3 PUFA formulations induced similar changes in RBC fatty acid content, except that drinks were associated with a larger, and more prolonged, decrease in omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid than the capsule intervention (p=0.02). There were no significant changes in α or β diversity, or phyla composition, associated with omega-3 PUFA supplementation. However, a reversible increased abundance of several genera, including Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Lactobacillus was observed with one or both omega-3 PUFA interventions. Microbiome changes did not correlate with RBC omega-3 PUFA incorporation or development of omega-3 PUFA-induced diarrhoea. There were no treatment order effects. CONCLUSION: Omega-3 PUFA supplementation induces a reversible increase in several short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, independently of the method of administration. There is no simple relationship between the intestinal microbiome and systemic omega-3 PUFA exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN18662143.
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Authors | Henry Watson, Suparna Mitra, Fiona C Croden, Morag Taylor, Henry M Wood, Sarah L Perry, Jade A Spencer, Phil Quirke, Giles J Toogood, Clare L Lawton, Louise Dye, Paul M Loadman, Mark A Hull |
Journal | Gut
(Gut)
Vol. 67
Issue 11
Pg. 1974-1983
(11 2018)
ISSN: 1468-3288 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 28951525
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. |
Chemical References |
- Fatty Acids
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3
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Topics |
- Aged
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Cross-Over Studies
- Dietary Supplements
- Fatty Acids
(blood)
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3
(therapeutic use)
- Feces
(microbiology)
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
(drug effects)
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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