Poliovirus Excretion in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders, India.

Abstract

Prolonged excretion of poliovirus can occur in immunodeficient patients who receive oral polio vaccine, which may lead to propagation of highly divergent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), posing a concern for global polio eradication. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of primary immunodeficient children with enterovirus infection and to identify the long-term polio/nonpolio enterovirus excreters in a tertiary care unit in Mumbai, India. During September 2014-April 2017, 151 patients received diagnoses of primary immunodeficiency (PID). We isolated 8 enteroviruses (3 polioviruses and 5 nonpolio enteroviruses) in cell culture of 105 fecal samples collected from 42 patients. Only 1 patient with severe combined immunodeficiency was identified as a long-term VDPV3 excreter (for 2 years after identification of infection). Our results show that the risk of enterovirus excretion among children in India with PID is low; however, systematic screening is necessary to identify long-term poliovirus excreters until the use of oral polio vaccine is stopped.

• Authors: Madhu Chhanda Mohanty, Manisha Rajan Madkaikar, Mukesh Desai, Prasad Taur, Uma Prajwal Nalavade, Deepa Kailash Sharma, Maya Gupta, Aparna Dalvi, Snehal Shabrish, Manasi Kulkarni, Jahnavi Aluri, Jagadish Mohanrao Deshpande
• Journal: Emerging infectious diseases (Emerg Infect Dis) Vol. 23 Issue 10 Pg. 1664-1670 (10 2017) ISSN: 1080-6059 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 28930011 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral

Topics

• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Enterovirus C, Human (immunology, pathogenicity)
• Enterovirus Infections (immunology, transmission, virology)
• Feces (virology)
• Female
• Humans
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes (immunology, pathology, virology)
• India
• Infant
• Male
• Poliomyelitis (immunology, prevention & control, transmission, virology)
• Poliovirus (immunology, pathogenicity)
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral (administration & dosage)
• Risk
• Virus Shedding (immunology)