Long-Term Outcome of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Children.

Abstract

We investigated the value of genetic, histopathologic, and early treatment response information in prognosing long-term renal outcome in children with primary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. From the PodoNet Registry, we obtained longitudinal clinical information for 1354 patients (disease onset at >3 months and <20 years of age): 612 had documented responsiveness to intensified immunosuppression (IIS), 1155 had kidney biopsy results, and 212 had an established genetic diagnosis. We assessed risk factors for ESRD using multivariate Cox regression models. Complete and partial remission of proteinuria within 12 months of disease onset occurred in 24.5% and 16.5% of children, respectively, with the highest remission rates achieved with calcineurin inhibitor-based protocols. Ten-year ESRD-free survival rates were 43%, 94%, and 72% in children with IIS resistance, complete remission, and partial remission, respectively; 27% in children with a genetic diagnosis; and 79% and 52% in children with histopathologic findings of minimal change glomerulopathy and FSGS, respectively. Five-year ESRD-free survival rate was 21% for diffuse mesangial sclerosis. IIS responsiveness, presence of a genetic diagnosis, and FSGS or diffuse mesangial sclerosis on initial biopsy as well as age, serum albumin concentration, and CKD stage at onset affected ESRD risk. Our findings suggest that responsiveness to initial IIS and detection of a hereditary podocytopathy are prognostic indicators of favorable and poor long-term outcome, respectively, in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Children with multidrug-resistant sporadic disease show better renal survival than those with genetic disease. Furthermore, histopathologic findings may retain prognostic relevance when a genetic diagnosis is established.

• Authors: Agnes Trautmann, Sven Schnaidt, Beata S Lipska-Ziętkiewicz, Monica Bodria, Fatih Ozaltin, Francesco Emma, Ali Anarat, Anette Melk, Marta Azocar, Jun Oh, Bassam Saeed, Alaleh Gheisari, Salim Caliskan, Jutta Gellermann, Lina Maria Serna Higuita, Augustina Jankauskiene, Dorota Drozdz, Sevgi Mir, Ayse Balat, Maria Szczepanska, Dusan Paripovic, Alexandra Zurowska, Radovan Bogdanovic, Alev Yilmaz, Bruno Ranchin, Esra Baskin, Ozlem Erdogan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Agnieszka Firszt-Adamczyk, Elzbieta Kuzma-Mroczkowska, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Luisa Murer, Marcin Tkaczyk, Helena Jardim, Anna Wasilewska, Nikoleta Printza, Kibriya Fidan, Eva Simkova, Halina Borzecka, Hagen Staude, Katharina Hees, Franz Schaefer, PodoNet Consortium
• Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN (J Am Soc Nephrol) Vol. 28 Issue 10 Pg. 3055-3065 (Oct 2017) ISSN: 1533-3450 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 28566477 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Chemical References

• Immunosuppressive Agents

Topics

• Adolescent
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Immunosuppressive Agents (therapeutic use)
• Infant
• Kidney Failure, Chronic (etiology)
• Nephrotic Syndrome (complications, congenital, drug therapy)
• Survival Analysis