Uveitis is a sight-threatening primary intraocular
inflammation of various origins in mainly young and active patients. Due to the absence of
biomarkers in most of the cases, the current treatment of noninfectious entities remains nonspecific, using
corticosteroids, conventional immunosuppressors, and more recently
biological agents. Identification of regulatory T cells in different models of autoimmune
uveitis together with the evaluation of this important subpopulation in different entities paved the way for new therapeutic strategies, in addition to exclusive
pharmaceutical approaches. Upregulation of regulatory T cells induced by
biological agents has been recently highlighted. Development of
cell therapy in
autoimmune diseases is at its
stammering needing more experimental data and robust clinical trials to demonstrate safety and efficacy before larger developments. Specific or polyclonal Tregs may be used, but it is of utmost importance to determine the method of selection, the level of activation, and the route of administration. Mastering immune
cell therapy remains a challenging goal in patients with
autoimmune diseases, but it may significantly enlarge our therapeutic possibilities in severe and refractory situations.