We report a case of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in a 29-year-old man with
acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although leukemic cell invasion of the CNS in patients with AML has been reported in ~3% cases, multiple invasions of the CNS are rare. A 29-year-old man presented with rapidly progressive flaccid
paralysis of the lower extremities. Laboratory findings showed blast cells, accounting for 79% of his white blood cell count. Thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging showed a T2-hyperintense intramedullary lesion at the T6 level.
Peroxidase staining was positive in cells isolated from a paravertebral mass as well as the bone marrow aspirate. The patient was diagnosed as having AML, with CNS involvement. We performed an emergency
laminectomy between T6 and T9 with
tumor resection. Following
chemotherapy, although the patient achieved complete remission, the
paraplegia did not improve. The patient showed signs of involvement of the cranial nerves and bilateral total
blindness because of the involvement of visual areas in the cortex; these were considered to be caused by another lesion. Furthermore,
heterotopic ossification resulted in left
hip contractures. Despite the patient achieving complete remission of AML and improvement in overall prognosis, the patient's physical function remained limited.